Exceptions and exemptions to copyright for libraries digital resources: Comparative study in the legal system of Iran, France, Germany and some international documents and treaties

Document Type : Research َ Article

Author

PhD. Knowledge and Information Science Assistant Professor, department of Information Management and Knowledge Organization, National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran

10.30484/nastinfo.2025.3669.2303

Abstract

Purpose: The present research aimed to analyze and compare exceptions and exemptions related to libraries for digital resources by utilizing domestic laws, regulations, documents, and international treaties. The goal was to explore the studied laws to provide practical recommendations for amending laws and their application in libraries.
Method: The current research was conducted in terms of practical purpose and qualitative studies with a comparative approach and analysis of international laws and documents. In the current research, the document analysis method, domestic laws, and some international laws and documents were analyzed and compared. The research community included 13 copyright laws of Iran, laws, treaties, and international documents. German and French copyright laws were purposefully selected for this research. Because the legal systems of France and Iran are Romano-Germanic. In addition, in both French and German laws, digital topics, exceptions, and library exemptions are stated. In addition, the comparative study can realize the use of experiences of other countries in new fields, in addition to explaining the deficiencies of Iranian laws.
Findings: The guidelines of the Parliament and the Council of the European Union, the Berne Convention, the WIPO Copyright Treaty, the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, the Rome Convention, the Geneva Convention, the French Intellectual Property Law, and Act on Copyright and Related Rights of Germany were reviewed and studied. Alongside international documents, the Act on Protection of Authors, Composers and Artists Rights of 1970, the draft of the law on the protection of literary and artistic property rights and related rights, law translation and reproduction of books and publications and audiobooks 1973, and so on analyzed from the perspective of copyright exceptions.The analysis of international documents shows that attention to digital issues has been among the important issues in some documents. The 2019 directive of the European Parliament lists text mining and data mining for educational and research purposes as mandatory exceptions. In the mentioned directive, some exceptions such as reproduction, non-commercial personal use, non-commercial activities by libraries and other related institutions, and temporary storage are considered exemptions and exceptions. In addition, the access of disabled people to the works has not been overlooked even with the exception. In the Berne Convention, from where the three-step test was proposed, it is specified to apply the conditions of the three-step test in digital tools and resources. This is because it allows national laws to adopt new restrictions and exceptions suitable for the digital space. Restrictions and exceptions in national laws such as personal use, research, and library purposes and exemptions in new technologies will include digital and online tools.
 
Conclusion: Even though the Act on Copyright and Related Rights of Germany and the French Intellectual Property Law, the European Directive and other treaties examined have dealt with digital issues to a great extent, in the studied copyright laws, this issue is largely absent. Some legal articles regarding temporary reproduction and other exceptions were stated in the draft bill as insufficient. With these descriptions, the current research suggests that the legislation regarding library exceptions and exemptions, the draft of the law on the protection of literary and artistic property rights, and related rights of Iran should be revised and revised by considering digital resources.

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References

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  • Receive Date: 28 October 2024
  • Revise Date: 09 February 2025
  • Accept Date: 16 March 2025

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