Construction and Validation of a Questionnaire for Measurement of Structural Factors Affecting University Student’s Plagiarism

Document Type : Research َ Article

Author

10.30484/nastinfo.2018.2276

Abstract

Purpose: The main aim of the research was to validate a questionnaire that had constructed on the basis of a qualitative research about structural factors affecting plagiarism in Iran, with content and construct validity measures and reliability scales.
Methodology: Three-layer method and CVI procedure were used for evaluating content validity of the questionnaire. Besides, confirmatory factor analysis was used for evaluating construct validity of the tool. Then, split-half method was used for evaluating reliability of the questionnaire. SPSS and LISREL software were used for the analysis. Sample of study was graduate students of central universities of all provinces in Iran (n=540) that selected by means of multi-stage cluster sampling method and systematic method in each selected cluster.
Findings: results showed that on the basis of three step evaluation method and Content Validity Index (CVI) of the questionnaire was 0.875, content validity of the questionnaire was acceptable. Then, 7 reflective measurement models were offered for construct validity evaluation. Two secondary factor and 14 questions were eliminated from questionnaire because of their unacceptable output measures of tvalue, path coefficient and R2. Reliability measure of the tool estimated 0.855 (> 0.7).
Conclusion: Two peripheral factors namely “frequency of justifications” (with questions 44 & 45) and “avoidance of disclosure” (with questions 74 & 75) understood as unacceptable factors affecting plagiarism. 10 questions from other factors recognized as unacceptable and in total, 14 questions were eliminated and the questionnaire was reduced to 90 questions.

Highlights

 

 

Baird, C., & Dooey, P. (2014). Ensuring effective student support in higher education alleged plagiarism cases. Innovative Higher Education, 39 (5), 387-400. DOI 10.1007/s10755-014-9285-4

Bouman, K. W. (2009). A phenomenological investigation of college students' construction and representation of plagiarism. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana university, Pennsylvania.

Cressey, D. R. (1953). Other people’s money: a study in the social psychology of embezzlement. Glencoe: The Free Press.

Ehrich, J., Howard, S. J., Mu, C., & Bokosmaty, S. (2016). A comparison of Chinese and Australian university students' attitudes towards plagiarism. Studies in Higher Education, 41 (2), 231-246. DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2014.927850

Eving, H., Anast, A., & Roehling, T. (2016). Addressing Plagiarism in online programmes at a health sciences university: a case study. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41 (4), 575-585. DOI: 10.1080/02602938.2015.1033612

Gullifer, J. M., & Tyson, G. A. (2014). Who has read the policy on plagiarism? Unpacking students’ understanding of plagiarism. Studies in Higher Education, 39 (7), 1202-1218. DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2013.777412

Halupa, C. M., Breitenbach, E., & Anast, A. (2016). A self-plagiarism intervention for doctoral students: a qualitative pilot study. Journal of Academic Ethics, 14 (3), 175-189. DOI: 10.1007/s10805-016-9262-x

Ho, J. K. K. (2015). An exploration of the problem of plagiarism with the cognitive mapping technique. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 32 (6), 735-742. DOI: 10.1002/sres.2296

Kaposi, D., & Dell, P. (2012). Discourses of plagiarism: Moralist, proceduralist, developmental and inter-textual approaches. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 33 (6), 813-830. Retrieved April 28, 2018, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2012.686897

Lau, G. K. K., Yuen, A. H. K., & Park, J. (2013). Toward an analytical model of ethical decision making in plagiarism. Ethics & Behavior, 23 (5), 360–377. DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2013.787360

Liddell, J. (2003). A comprehensive definition of plagiarism. Community &Junior College Libraries, 11 (3), 43-52. DOI: 10.1300/J107v11n03_07

Love, P. G., & Simmons, J. (1998). Factors influencing cheating and plagiarism among graduate students in a college of education. College Student Journal, 32 (2), 539-550.

Ngo, M. N. (2016). Eliminating plagiarism in programming courses through assessment design. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 6 (11), 873-879. DOI: 10.7763/IJIET.2016.V6.808

Olt, M. R. (2007). A new design on plagiarism: Developing an instructional design model to deter plagiarism in online courses. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.

Powell, L., & Singh, N. (2016). An integrated academic literacy approach to improving students’ understanding of plagiarism in an accounting course. Accounting Education, 25 (1), 14-34. DOI: 10.1080/09639284.2015.1133311

Sonfield, M. C. (2014). Academic plagiarism at the faculty level: Legal versus ethical Issues and a case study. Journal of Academic Ethics, 12 (2), 75-87. DOI: 10.1007/s10805-014-9205-3

Tabirca, A., & Radu, V. (2015). Ways to detect plagiarism in academic research. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 17 (2), 76-87.

The plagiarism spectrum. (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2018, from http://turnitin.com/assets/en_us/media/plagiarism-spectrum/

Types of plagiarism in research. (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2018, from http://www.ithenticate.com/resources/infographics/types-of-plagiarism-research

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Baird, C., & Dooey, P. (2014). Ensuring effective student support in higher education alleged plagiarism cases. Innovative Higher Education, 39 (5), 387-400. DOI 10.1007/s10755-014-9285-4
Bouman, K. W. (2009). A phenomenological investigation of college students' construction and representation of plagiarism. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana university, Pennsylvania.
Cressey, D. R. (1953). Other people’s money: a study in the social psychology of embezzlement. Glencoe: The Free Press.
Ehrich, J., Howard, S. J., Mu, C., & Bokosmaty, S. (2016). A comparison of Chinese and Australian university students' attitudes towards plagiarism. Studies in Higher Education, 41 (2), 231-246. DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2014.927850
Eving, H., Anast, A., & Roehling, T. (2016). Addressing Plagiarism in online programmes at a health sciences university: a case study. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41 (4), 575-585. DOI: 10.1080/02602938.2015.1033612
Gullifer, J. M., & Tyson, G. A. (2014). Who has read the policy on plagiarism? Unpacking students’ understanding of plagiarism. Studies in Higher Education, 39 (7), 1202-1218. DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2013.777412
Halupa, C. M., Breitenbach, E., & Anast, A. (2016). A self-plagiarism intervention for doctoral students: a qualitative pilot study. Journal of Academic Ethics, 14 (3), 175-189. DOI: 10.1007/s10805-016-9262-x
Ho, J. K. K. (2015). An exploration of the problem of plagiarism with the cognitive mapping technique. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 32 (6), 735-742. DOI: 10.1002/sres.2296
Kaposi, D., & Dell, P. (2012). Discourses of plagiarism: Moralist, proceduralist, developmental and inter-textual approaches. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 33 (6), 813-830. Retrieved April 28, 2018, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2012.686897
Lau, G. K. K., Yuen, A. H. K., & Park, J. (2013). Toward an analytical model of ethical decision making in plagiarism. Ethics & Behavior, 23 (5), 360–377. DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2013.787360
Liddell, J. (2003). A comprehensive definition of plagiarism. Community & Junior College Libraries, 11 (3), 43-52. DOI: 10.1300/J107v11n03_07
Love, P. G., & Simmons, J. (1998). Factors influencing cheating and plagiarism among graduate students in a college of education. College Student Journal, 32 (2), 539-550.
Ngo, M. N. (2016). Eliminating plagiarism in programming courses through assessment design. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 6 (11), 873-879. DOI: 10.7763/IJIET.2016.V6.808
Olt, M. R. (2007). A new design on plagiarism: Developing an instructional design model to deter plagiarism in online courses. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Powell, L., & Singh, N. (2016). An integrated academic literacy approach to improving students’ understanding of plagiarism in an accounting course. Accounting Education, 25 (1), 14-34. DOI: 10.1080/09639284.2015.1133311
Sonfield, M. C. (2014). Academic plagiarism at the faculty level: Legal versus ethical Issues and a case study. Journal of Academic Ethics, 12 (2), 75-87. DOI: 10.1007/s10805-014-9205-3
Tabirca, A., & Radu, V. (2015). Ways to detect plagiarism in academic research. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 17 (2), 76-87.
The plagiarism spectrum. (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2018, from http://turnitin.com/assets/en_us/media/plagiarism-spectrum/
Types of plagiarism in research. (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2018, from http://www.ithenticate.com/resources/infographics/types-of-plagiarism-research
Baird, C., & Dooey, P. (2014). Ensuring effective student support in higher education alleged plagiarism cases. Innovative Higher Education, 39 (5), 387-400. DOI 10.1007/s10755-014-9285-4
Bouman, K. W. (2009). A phenomenological investigation of college students' construction and representation of plagiarism. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana university, Pennsylvania.
Cressey, D. R. (1953). Other people’s money: a study in the social psychology of embezzlement. Glencoe: The Free Press.
Ehrich, J., Howard, S. J., Mu, C., & Bokosmaty, S. (2016). A comparison of Chinese and Australian university students' attitudes towards plagiarism. Studies in Higher Education, 41 (2), 231-246. DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2014.927850
Eving, H., Anast, A., & Roehling, T. (2016). Addressing Plagiarism in online programmes at a health sciences university: a case study. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41 (4), 575-585. DOI: 10.1080/02602938.2015.1033612
Gullifer, J. M., & Tyson, G. A. (2014). Who has read the policy on plagiarism? Unpacking students’ understanding of plagiarism. Studies in Higher Education, 39 (7), 1202-1218. DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2013.777412
Halupa, C. M., Breitenbach, E., & Anast, A. (2016). A self-plagiarism intervention for doctoral students: a qualitative pilot study. Journal of Academic Ethics, 14 (3), 175-189. DOI: 10.1007/s10805-016-9262-x
Ho, J. K. K. (2015). An exploration of the problem of plagiarism with the cognitive mapping technique. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 32 (6), 735-742. DOI: 10.1002/sres.2296
Kaposi, D., & Dell, P. (2012). Discourses of plagiarism: Moralist, proceduralist, developmental and inter-textual approaches. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 33 (6), 813-830. Retrieved April 28, 2018, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2012.686897
Lau, G. K. K., Yuen, A. H. K., & Park, J. (2013). Toward an analytical model of ethical decision making in plagiarism. Ethics & Behavior, 23 (5), 360–377. DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2013.787360
Liddell, J. (2003). A comprehensive definition of plagiarism. Community &Junior College Libraries, 11 (3), 43-52. DOI: 10.1300/J107v11n03_07
Love, P. G., & Simmons, J. (1998). Factors influencing cheating and plagiarism among graduate students in a college of education. College Student Journal, 32 (2), 539-550.
Ngo, M. N. (2016). Eliminating plagiarism in programming courses through assessment design. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 6 (11), 873-879. DOI: 10.7763/IJIET.2016.V6.808
Olt, M. R. (2007). A new design on plagiarism: Developing an instructional design model to deter plagiarism in online courses. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Powell, L., & Singh, N. (2016). An integrated academic literacy approach to improving students’ understanding of plagiarism in an accounting course. Accounting Education, 25 (1), 14-34. DOI: 10.1080/09639284.2015.1133311
Sonfield, M. C. (2014). Academic plagiarism at the faculty level: Legal versus ethical Issues and a case study. Journal of Academic Ethics, 12 (2), 75-87. DOI: 10.1007/s10805-014-9205-3
Tabirca, A., & Radu, V. (2015). Ways to detect plagiarism in academic research. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 17 (2), 76-87.
The plagiarism spectrum. (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2018, from http://turnitin.com/assets/en_us/media/plagiarism-spectrum/
Types of plagiarism in research. (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2018, from http://www.ithenticate.com/resources/infographics/types-of-plagiarism-research
 
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  • Receive Date: 28 April 2018
  • Revise Date: 10 July 2018
  • Accept Date: 14 July 2018

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