توقف جست‌وجوی اطلاعات: مروری نظام‌مند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

3 استاد گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

4 استادیار گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، مرور نظام‌مند پژوهش‌های حوزه توقف جستجو، به منظور تعیین ابعاد و جنبه‌ها و نیز سطوح توقف بررسی‌شده در متون و شناسایی شکافهای پژوهشی این حوزه است.

روش: پژوهش حاضر، به روش مرور نظام‌مند و در دو بخش تحلیل توصیفی و محتوایی انجام شده است. بدین منظور، پژوهش‌های مرتبط با توقف جستجو در بازه زمانی 1961-2020 در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی جستجو شده، پس از پالایش نتایج، در نهایت محتوای 60 پژوهش به روش تحلیل مضمون و در قالب مفاهیم پایه، سازمان‌دهنده، و فراگیر تحلیل شد.

یافته‌ها: متون مرور شده در این پژوهش، دو سطح از توقف را شناسایی کرده‌اند که عبارت است از توقف نشست جستجو و توقف پرسش/ توقف در سطح خلاصه نتایج. در سطح دوم، نشست جستجو به طور کامل متوقف نمی‌شود، بلکه کاربر پس از پالایش پرسش به جستجو ادامه می‌دهد. همچنین متون از شیوه دیگری از توقف با عنوان «توقف در سطح صفحه نتایج» نیز نام می‌برند که طی آن، کاربر پس از استنباطی کلی از نتایج جستجو، صفحه را بدون کلیک بر نتایج ترک می‌کند. پس از این توقف، ممکن است کاربر با پالایش پرسش، جستجو را ادامه دهد یا آنکه به طور کلی دست از جستجو بکشد. بنابراین در اینجا با سطح دیگری از توقف مواجه نیستیم، بلکه تنها زمان تصمیم‌گیری درباره توقف تغییر کرده است. عمده پژوهش‌های موجود، به توقف نشست جستجو پرداخته‌اند.
شناسایی قواعد متوقف جستجو، بررسی کاربست قواعد توقف جستجو در شرایط گوناگون، شناسایی عوامل موثر بر توقف جستجو و توقف پرسش، بررسی توقف در سطح صفحه نتایج، بررسی عمق جستجوی کاربران، تمایز میان نشانه‌های توقف ناشی از رضایت و نارضایتی از جستجو، و کاوش نشانه‌های توقف جستجو، ابعادی از موضوع توقف جستجو هستند که در متون بررسی شده‌اند.

قواعد شناسایی شده برای توقف جستجو نیز شامل «رضایت‌دهی و ناکامی»، «آستانه اندازه»، «آستانه تفاوت»، «تثبیت بازنمون»، «فهرست ذهنی»، و «تک ‌معیار» است و عواملی که توقف جستجو را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهند مشتمل بر محدودیت زمانی، ساختار وظایف جستجو، ردپای اطلاعات، ویژگی‌های رابط کاربری سامانه، اهمیت کار در نظر کاربر، انگیزه، دانش موضوعی، علاقه به موضوع، و ویژگی‌های «نیاز به خاتمه» و «نیاز به شناخت» در افراد است.

نتیجه‌گیری: پژوهش‌های موجود، هریک با پرداختن به جنبه(های) خاصی از رفتار توقف جستجو، کوشیده‌اند قواعد حاکم یا شماری از عوامل موثر بر آن را شناسایی نمایند و بدین سبب، نیاز به پژوهشی جامع که مسائل مختلف مرتبط با سامانه، کاربر، و شرایط حاکم بر جستجو را در بررسی این رفتار لحاظ نماید، احساس می‌شود. به عنوان شکافهای پژوهشی این حوزه نیز می‌توان به لزوم پژوهش در تاثیر متغیرهایی چون تاثیر زبان جستجو، سختی وظایف، و تفاوتهای فردی بر رفتار توقف، تمایز مفصل نشانه‌های رفتار توقف خوب از بد، تفاوت‌های توقف در جستجو با رایانه شخصی و تلفن همراه، و نیز بهره‌گیری از فناوری ردیابی حرکات چشمی و ثبت فعالیت الکتریکی مغز (الکتروانسفالوگرافی) جهت شناخت بهتر رفتار توقف اشاره کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Stopping Information Search: A Systematic Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohreh Honarjooyan 1
  • Mahdieh Mirzabeigi 2
  • Hajar Sotudeh 3
  • Tahereh Jowkar 4
1 PhD Student, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to systematically examine dimensions, aspects, and levels of search stopping in the literature in order to identify gaps in the field.
Methods: Research reports on the subject published between 1961-2020 were identified in databases. The contents of 60 studies found were thematically analysed in terms of basic, organizing, and comprehensive concepts.
Findings: The reviewed studies have identified two stopping levels, namely session-level stopping and query-level/ result- summary- level stopping. At the latter level, the search session does not stop permanently, but the user continues searching after refining the query. The studies also referred to another stopping method labeled as “search- engine- result- page- level stopping” in which the user leaves the result page without clicking on any result after making a general inference of the search results. Then, the user may or may not continue searching after refining the query. Here, we are not dealing with another level of stopping, but only the time of making decision to stop is changed. Most of the 60 studies we identified dealt with session-level stopping. Identifying stopping rules, examining the application of stopping rules in various contexts, identifying the factors affecting search stopping or query stopping, checking search- engine- result- page- level stopping, examining the depth of users' search, distinguishing between stopping due to satisfaction or frustration, and exploring search stopping signs were dimensions of search stopping studied in the literature.  Stopping rules included satisfaction and frustration, magnitude threshold, difference threshold, representational stability, mental list, and single criterion. Also, factors affecting stopping search included time constraints, search task structure, information scent, user interface features, importance of the task to the users, motivation, domain knowledge, interest in the topic, need for closure and need for cognition.
Conclusion: Our review showed that studies each dealt with some specific aspect(s) of search stopping behavior and sought to identify the rules or factors affecting it. Research gaps we identified include not investigating the impact of variables such as search language, task difficulty, and individual differences on stopping behavior, the detailed differentiation of the signs of good abandonment from bad ones, and the use of eye tracking technology and recording electrical activity of the brain (Electroencephalography) to better understand the stopping behavior.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Stopping Information Search
  • Stopping Rules
  • Query Stopping
  • Query Reformulation
  • Systematic Review
 
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