شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در کسب خوش‌اقبالانه اطلاعات: مرور نظام‌مند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشکدة علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش شناسی، دانشکده‌ی علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز ، اهواز، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده‌ی علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز ، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

هدف: رفتار اطلاعاتی شامل رفتارهای عمدی و غیرعمدی است. کسب خوش‌اقبالانة اطلاعات یکی از نمودهای رفتارهای اطلاعاتی غیرعمدی است. این رفتار به‌‌منزلة یکی از رویکردهای رفتار اطلاعاتی، که مکمل پرس‌وجوست، نقش مهمی در یادگیری و کسب اطلاعات روزمرة افراد دارد. بروز این نوع رفتار، تحت تأثیر عواملی است که پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی آن‌ها انجام شده است.
روش: این مطالعه با روش مرور نظام‌مند و با بهره‌گیری از فرایند هشت مرحله‌ای اُکُلی انجام شده است. جامعة پژوهش را مقالات انگلیسی نمایه‌شده در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی وبگاه علوم و اسکوپوس و مقالات فارسی نمایه‌شده در پایگاه‌های استنادی علوم جهان اسلام، اطلاعات علمی جهاد دانشگاهی، مگ‌ایران، نورمگز و پرتال جامع علوم انسانی تشکیل می‌دهد. پس از حذف مقالات تکراری، براساس معیارهای ورود و خروج تعیین‌شده، 40 مقالة مرتبط به‌منظور شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در کسب خوش‌اقبالانة اطلاعات مطالعه شدند.
یافته‌ها: تحلیل مقالات بازیابی‌شده نشان داد که پیشینة مطالعة کسب خوش‌اقبالانة اطلاعات به بیش از سه دهه‌ می‌رسد. کسب خوش‌اقبالانة اطلاعات تحت تأثیر عوامل درونی، عوامل بیرونی و ویژگی‌های محیطی قرار دارد. عوامل درونی تحت تأثیر ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی و شخصیتی فرد است و به‌دست خود فرد خلق یا مدیریت می‌شود. عوامل درونی شامل نیاز اطلاعاتی، دانش موضوعی، هوشمندی، کنجکاوی، حساسیت، وظیفه‌شناسی، برون‌گرایی، احساسات، اعتمادبه‌نفس، سواد اطلاعاتی، لذت‌بردن از فرایند جست‌وجو و تحصیلات است. این درحالی‌ است که عوامل بیرونی همانند زمان، وضعیت و مکان جدای از ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی و شخصیتی فرد است و سبب تسهیل خوش‌اقبالی می‌شود. برخی ویژگی‌های محیطی ازجمله قابلیت جست‌وجو و اکتشاف، سهولت دسترسی، قابلیت اتصال، غنی از محرک، محرک‌های برجسته، تنوع، تضادها، ناقص‌بودن، دسترسی چندگانه، توقف‌پذیری خوش‌اقبالی را پرورش می‌دهند. همچنین به‌رغم اهمیت مقولة خوش‌اقبالی در علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، به‌منزلة یکی از روش‌های کسب اطلاعات، این حوزه مورد توجه پژوهشگران داخل کشور واقع نشده است و فقر پژوهشی در این زمینه وجود دارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: پیشرفت‌های اخیر در فناوری اطلاعات و ظهور وب 2 سبب افزایش رفتارهای کسب غیرعمدی اطلاعات شده است؛ بنابراین چگونگی بروز این رفتارها و آثار و نتایج آن‌ها باید بررسی شود. پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده گویای این حقیقت است که جست‌وجوگران براساس عوامل گوناگون، رفتارهای اطلاعاتی متفاوتی بروز می‌دهند. این امر درمورد کسب‌ خوش‌اقبالانة اطلاعات به‌منزلة یکی از انواع رفتارهای اطلاعاتی نیز صدق می‌کند. با شناسایی مناسب و کنترل عوامل مؤثر در کسب خوش‌اقبالانة اطلاعات کمک شایان توجهی به روند صحیح جست‌وجو به‌دست افراد و یافتن اطلاعات مورد نیاز آن‌ها و توسعة علمی پژوهشگران و استفادة بهینه از اینترنت خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the Factors Influencing the Serendipitous Acquisition of Information: A Systematic Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saba Siamaki 1
  • Shahnaz Khademizadeh 2
  • Mansoor Koohi Rostami 3
  • Bahram Peyman nia 4
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, of Ahvaz, Iran
4 Department of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Purpose: Information behavior includes intentional and unintentional behaviors. One of the unintentional information behaviors is the serendipitous acquisition of information. This type of behavior, which complements the inquiry, has an important role in the learning behaviors and everyday information acquisition by researchers. The occurrence of this type of behavior is influenced by the factors that the present study was conducted to identify.
Method: This systematic review employs the eight-step process of the Okoli review method. The research population includes English articles indexed in the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and Persian articles indexed in the Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC), Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Normagz, and Ensani. After applying the search strategy, the retrieved articles were imported to the EndNote 20 software and duplicate articles were removed. Then, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 related articles were studied in order to identify the factors affecting serendipitous acquisition of information.
Results The history of the study of the serendipitous acquisition of information goes back more than three decades. The serendipitous acquisition of information is influenced by internal factors, external factors, and environmental characteristics. Internal factors are influenced by person's psychological and personality characteristics and can be created or managed by the person her/himself. Internal factors include information need, topical knowledge, Sagacity, curiosity, sensitivity, conscientiousness, extroversion, emotions, self-confidence, information literacy, enjoyment of the search process, and education. External factors such as time, status, and place are separate from psychological and personality characteristics of the person and can facilitate serendipity. Some environmental characteristics enables exploration and discovery, ease of access, connectivity, stimulus-richness, enables connections, trigger rich, highlights triggers, variety, contrasts, incompleteness, multi-reachability, and slowability cultivate serendipity. Despite the importance of serendipity in information seeking, it has not attracted the attention of Iranian researchers
Conclusion: Recent advances in information technology and the emergence of Web2 have created new horizons in the ways of obtaining information and have caused an increase in unintentional acquisition of information. Therefore, the way that such behavior occurs, and its effects and results should be investigated. Recognition and control of factors affecting successful acquisition of information could help the search process. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Unintentional Acquisition of Information
  • Serendipity
  • Serendipitous Acquisition of Information
  • Unexpected Information
  • Systematic Review
داورپناه، محمدرضا (۱۳۸۲). جستجوی اطلاعات علمی و پژوهشی در منابع چاپی و الکترونیکی. تهران: چاپار، دبیزش.
هراتی، هادی، نوشین‌فرد، فاطمه، اسفندیاری مقدم، علیرضا، باب‌الحوائجی، فهیمه، حریری، نجلا (۱۳۹۷). تأثیر عوامل فرهنگی و اجتماعی بر رفتار برنامه‌ریزی‌نشده کاربران کتابخانه‌های دانشگاهی. تعامل اطلاعات انسانی، ۵(۲): ۱-۱۴.
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