پدیدارنگاری: روش پژوهش کیفی در مطالعات قلمرو بازیابی اطلاعات

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد؛ کتابدار مرجع دانشکده دندانپزشکی مشهد

2 استاد گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

هدف: معرفی و ارائه روش پژوهش کیفی پدیدارنگاری به‌عنوان چهارچوبی مفهومی برای انجام پژوهش‌های قلمرو بازیابی اطلاعات و ارائه بازتاب ویژگی‌های این روش برای دانشجویان و پژوهشگران علاقه‌مند به روش‌های پژوهش کیفی.
روش‌شناسی: این مقاله با رویکردی مروری/ تحلیلی از نوع مفهومی، روش پژوهش کیفی پدیدارنگاری ذیل پارادایم تفسیری را معرفی کرده است و با بررسی مطالعات پژوهشگرانی چون بروس، لیمبرگ، ادواردز، فورستر، و دیگران تلاش دارد تغییر پارادایمیک روش‌شناسی پژوهش (از پارادایم اثبات‌گرایی به پارادایم تفسیری) در قلمرو بازیابی اطلاعات را به تصویر بکشد.
یافته‌ها: توجه به‌ ضرورت تغییر پارادایم در پژوهش‌های قلمرو بازیابی اطلاعات از دهه 1980 در میان پژوهشگران این قلمرو آغاز شد. روش پژوهش کیفی پدیدارنگاری، روشی است که تنوع در روش‌های تجربه‌های افراد از یک پدیده را بررسی می‌کند. در این روش، افراد از طریق نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب و داده‌ها در قالب مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته گردآوری می‌شوند و از طریق کدگذاری نظری تحلیل و نتایح در قالب دسته‌های توصیفی به‌‌شکل فضای نتیجه ارائه خواهند شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: این روش پژوهش می‌تواند با شمارش و درک پدیده‌ها ازنظر گروه‌های خاصی از کاربران، درک روشن‌تری نسبت به بسیاری از پرسش‌های مطرح در عرصه پژوهش‌های رفتار اطلاع‌یابی ارائه دهد و ضمن توصیف برداشت کاربران از تجربه آنها در جستجو و بازیابی اطلاعات، نگرشی جدید به قلمرو مطالعات کاربران نهایی ایجاد و دست‌اندرکاران این قلمرو را با رویکردی جدید، نسبت به موضوع آشنا کند و زمینه دقیق‌تری برای خدمات و عمل آنها به‌وجود ‌آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Phenomenography: a Qualitative Methodology at Information Retrieval Area Studies

نویسندگان [English]

  • T. Rigi 1
  • M. H. Dayyani 2
  • R. Fattahi 2
1 PhD Candidate of Knowledge and Information Science; Reference Librarian at MUMS
2 Professor in Knowledge and Information Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to introduce and presents a qualitative phenomenographical research methodology as a conceptual framework to do information retrieval area studies and, while the aim of reflecting on the features of this method for students and researchers interested in qualitative research methods.
Methodology: This article is a conceptual paper that introduces a phenomenographical qualitative research methodology based on an interpretive paradigm with a review/ analytical approach. Reviewing papers written by researchers such as Bruce, Limberg, Edwards, Forester and others. This paper tries to show the paradigm shift in the methodology of research (from positivism to interpretative paradigm) in the information retrieval area.
Findings: Since the 1980s, the paradigm shifts in information retrieval area studies among information retrieval researchers. Phenomenography, as an interpretative approach, is a method, which makes researchers able to consider the vraitey of the ways of experiencing a phenomenon in the world. In this method, participants are selected through purposive sampling, data are collected in semi-structured interviews and analyzed through theoretical coding, and the results will be presented in the form of descriptive categories as an outcome space.
Conclusion: In fact, counting and understanding phenomena from the perspective of certain user groups can provide a deeper, clearer, and more complete understanding of many of the questions raised in the field of information behavior researchs in information retrieval area, especially in user studies. This research method, while describing users' perceptions of their experience in information retrieval and search, offers a new territory to the end user studies. In addition, it get adquainted the practitioners of this area with a new approach to the topic and, providing a more precise context for their services and practices.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Information retrieval area
  • Interpretative paradigm
  • Qualitative method
  • Phenomenography
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