National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464627220160722Scientific Communication in Niklas Luhmann’s ViewsScientific Communication in Niklas Luhmann’s Views720876FAA.PoloeiN.Nagshineh0000-0003-4331-6454Journal Article20151114<strong>Purpose</strong>: Conceptualizing scientific communication based on Niklas Luhmann’s thoughts. <br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: Content analysis. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Based on Luhmann's views, scientific communication system is a subsystem of scientific system and its development is caused by modernity. Scientific communication is an auto-referential system and needs to protect its boundaries against other system's code. Systems should avoid code confrontation. Politics, economy and emotional relations must not interfere in scientific communication systems. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: If science is not improved by communication, it will remain useless. Scientific institutions are established through social communication. Scientific communication is caused by science and not vice versa. Scientific communication system is autopoiesis and organizes itself using specific code. Therefore, this system is legitimate and efficient until it adheres to true/false code and if it disobeys this code, it will be transmuted and in risk.<strong>Purpose</strong>: Conceptualizing scientific communication based on Niklas Luhmann’s thoughts. <br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: Content analysis. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Based on Luhmann's views, scientific communication system is a subsystem of scientific system and its development is caused by modernity. Scientific communication is an auto-referential system and needs to protect its boundaries against other system's code. Systems should avoid code confrontation. Politics, economy and emotional relations must not interfere in scientific communication systems. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: If science is not improved by communication, it will remain useless. Scientific institutions are established through social communication. Scientific communication is caused by science and not vice versa. Scientific communication system is autopoiesis and organizes itself using specific code. Therefore, this system is legitimate and efficient until it adheres to true/false code and if it disobeys this code, it will be transmuted and in risk.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464627220160722The Impact of Previous Usage of Information Systems on the Mental Models of Digital Library UsersThe Impact of Previous Usage of Information Systems on the Mental Models of Digital Library Users2140852FAR.Rajabali Beglou0000-0002-6278-1928R.Fattahi0000-0002-1694-4052M.ParirokhJournal Article20150607<strong>Purpose</strong>: To explain how digital library users’ mental models can be affected by their previous experiences of using other information systems (such as databases, library softwares, search engines, social networks and websites). <br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> The qualitative approach using semi-structured interview based on the Means-End Theory. The population consisted of two groups: 1) Three digital libraries (Azarakhsh, Papirus & Sana) and 2) Sixteen end users having one year experience of using three sofware were selected by snowball sampling method and others by librarians' suggestions. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>Users’ mental models were mostly affected by Google, Facebook & Simorgh library software. Also, users’ expectations were mostly influenced by search engines and social networks. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Users’ mental models were a combination of their comprehensive experiences in using other information systems, especially Google. Therefore, digital library providers can apply similar functions and capabilities in their own software in order to promote the efficiency and users satisfaction.<strong>Purpose</strong>: To explain how digital library users’ mental models can be affected by their previous experiences of using other information systems (such as databases, library softwares, search engines, social networks and websites). <br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> The qualitative approach using semi-structured interview based on the Means-End Theory. The population consisted of two groups: 1) Three digital libraries (Azarakhsh, Papirus & Sana) and 2) Sixteen end users having one year experience of using three sofware were selected by snowball sampling method and others by librarians' suggestions. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>Users’ mental models were mostly affected by Google, Facebook & Simorgh library software. Also, users’ expectations were mostly influenced by search engines and social networks. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Users’ mental models were a combination of their comprehensive experiences in using other information systems, especially Google. Therefore, digital library providers can apply similar functions and capabilities in their own software in order to promote the efficiency and users satisfaction.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464627220160722The chalanges of Subject analysis book from the perspective of authorizing expertsThe chalanges of Subject analysis book from the perspective of authorizing experts41581250FAM.Ghorbani0000-0002-1936-2533F.Babolhavaeji0000-0002-0247-6614Journal Article20140421<strong>Purpose</strong>: To explore the process of subject analysis of books in National Library of Iran (NLI) and identify the effective factors based on viewpoints of catalogers and authority contol experts. <br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>The research approach is qualitative. Nine experts were selected using snowball sampling and interviewed. Grounded theory used for data analysis in three stages coding. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Personal ability and qualification of experts is a major significance. Some important guidelines must be considered such as spending a reasonable amount of time for analysis, consulting authors or experts familiar with the subject and referring to the original source. Some effective factors in subject analysis are workload, the physical situation of work place, interaction between colleagues and the satisfactory management of teleworking. Experts emphasized on retraining and promoting experts' abilities, improving work situation and careful supervision on catalogers and authority control experts. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Some of the factors that influence subject analysis quality and promote the national catalog and subject heading validity are individual qualifications, the management of cataloging and authority control teams, work situation and writing down guidelines and rules for subject analysis of accessible documents. <strong>Purpose</strong>: To explore the process of subject analysis of books in National Library of Iran (NLI) and identify the effective factors based on viewpoints of catalogers and authority contol experts. <br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>The research approach is qualitative. Nine experts were selected using snowball sampling and interviewed. Grounded theory used for data analysis in three stages coding. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Personal ability and qualification of experts is a major significance. Some important guidelines must be considered such as spending a reasonable amount of time for analysis, consulting authors or experts familiar with the subject and referring to the original source. Some effective factors in subject analysis are workload, the physical situation of work place, interaction between colleagues and the satisfactory management of teleworking. Experts emphasized on retraining and promoting experts' abilities, improving work situation and careful supervision on catalogers and authority control experts. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Some of the factors that influence subject analysis quality and promote the national catalog and subject heading validity are individual qualifications, the management of cataloging and authority control teams, work situation and writing down guidelines and rules for subject analysis of accessible documents. National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464627220160722The Comparison Study of Tehran and Frankfurt International Book Fair Websites in terms of Structure and ContentThe Comparison Study of Tehran and Frankfurt International Book Fair Websites in terms of Structure and Content5970853FAF.RostamiJournal Article20150607<strong>Purpose</strong>: To compare Tehran and Frankfurt International book fair website features including structure and content in order to promote the Iranian website. <br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: It is a comparative study. The population is the homepages of two websites of Tehran and Frankfurt International Book Fair. Data collected via a 49-items checklist examining both structure and content features. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>Structure, content and total match to checklist items were 68.18%, 62.96% and 65.3% for Tehran homepage and 95.45%, 92.59% and 93.87% for Frankfurt homepage respectively. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Homepage of Tehran International Book Fair Website is in a lower level compared to its Frankfurt counterpart.<strong>Purpose</strong>: To compare Tehran and Frankfurt International book fair website features including structure and content in order to promote the Iranian website. <br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: It is a comparative study. The population is the homepages of two websites of Tehran and Frankfurt International Book Fair. Data collected via a 49-items checklist examining both structure and content features. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>Structure, content and total match to checklist items were 68.18%, 62.96% and 65.3% for Tehran homepage and 95.45%, 92.59% and 93.87% for Frankfurt homepage respectively. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Homepage of Tehran International Book Fair Website is in a lower level compared to its Frankfurt counterpart.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464627220160722Management Information System in National Library of IranManagement Information System in National Library of Iran71881421FAS.BehimehrN.Riahinia0000-0003-2609-6330Journal Article20141127<strong>Purpose:</strong> To identify the position of Management Information System (MIS) in National Library of Iran (NLI) based on middle managers’ viewpoints. <br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> The qualitative approach using case study. The population consists of all NLI middle managers counted 14 according to organization structure. Data gathered through interview and analyzed using content analysis and coding system of Grounded Theory. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> Different kinds of managerial information are required by managers and there are plenty of ways to acquire such information. Managers mentioned MIS advantages, the challenges of lacking to have MIS and limitations for MIS establishment. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> NLI managers can handle many problems using MIS. It can lead library to its goals. However, the vital point to succeed is preparing the required condition before the establishment.<strong>Purpose:</strong> To identify the position of Management Information System (MIS) in National Library of Iran (NLI) based on middle managers’ viewpoints. <br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> The qualitative approach using case study. The population consists of all NLI middle managers counted 14 according to organization structure. Data gathered through interview and analyzed using content analysis and coding system of Grounded Theory. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> Different kinds of managerial information are required by managers and there are plenty of ways to acquire such information. Managers mentioned MIS advantages, the challenges of lacking to have MIS and limitations for MIS establishment. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> NLI managers can handle many problems using MIS. It can lead library to its goals. However, the vital point to succeed is preparing the required condition before the establishment.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464627220160722SWOT Analysis and Strategic Positioning of National Library of Iran Regarding Price and Place Marketing FrameworkSWOT Analysis and Strategic Positioning of National Library of Iran Regarding Price and Place Marketing Framework89110855FAM. R.Esmaili GiviPhD of Systems Management, Assistant Professor of Tehran UniversityN.NaghshineAssistant Professor of Information Studies Lab0000-0003-4331-6454F.SahliMaster student of Information Science and Knowledge Studies of Tehran University0000-0001-6830-6100Journal Article20150613<strong>Purpose: </strong>Strategic analysis of the current situation of National Library of Iran (NLI) in the frame of "price and place marketing" and proposing suggested strategies based on SWOT matrix. <br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>Mixed methodology is used. Through interviewing 13 skilled and experienced staff of library and employing content analysis, SWOT components were obtained. Library strategic position regarding price and place then has been specified using questionnaire, ranking of elements and employing Strategic Position and Action Evaluation Matrix. Four strategies of SO, ST, WO and WT also were provided. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> NLI is in competitive position regarding price and in agressive position considering place. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The most important startegies are: promote library income potential, emphasis on commercial aspects of library products, appropriate financial planning, pass a proper copyright law, support online content and information system, promote interactive services, enrich library sorroundings by scientific centers, strengthen the research position of the library, online information cooperation, creating spaces and make security arrangements throughout the library.<strong>Purpose: </strong>Strategic analysis of the current situation of National Library of Iran (NLI) in the frame of "price and place marketing" and proposing suggested strategies based on SWOT matrix. <br /><strong>Methodology: </strong>Mixed methodology is used. Through interviewing 13 skilled and experienced staff of library and employing content analysis, SWOT components were obtained. Library strategic position regarding price and place then has been specified using questionnaire, ranking of elements and employing Strategic Position and Action Evaluation Matrix. Four strategies of SO, ST, WO and WT also were provided. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> NLI is in competitive position regarding price and in agressive position considering place. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The most important startegies are: promote library income potential, emphasis on commercial aspects of library products, appropriate financial planning, pass a proper copyright law, support online content and information system, promote interactive services, enrich library sorroundings by scientific centers, strengthen the research position of the library, online information cooperation, creating spaces and make security arrangements throughout the library.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464627220160722Similarity of Subjects in Knowledge Management Literature (Using Betweenness Centrality Indicator)Similarity of Subjects in Knowledge Management Literature (Using Betweenness Centrality Indicator)111128845FAA.HazeriAssistant Professor, Department of Information Science and Knowledge Studies - Yazd UniversityM.Tavakolizadeh RavariAssistant Professor, Department of Information Science and Knowledge Studies - Yazd UniversityV.EbrahimiMA. Student of Scientometrics, Yazd UniersityJournal Article20150503<strong>Purpose:</strong> To study the subject structure of knowledge management domain and identify major contributors (domains with the highest number of documents and keywords) through analyzing keywords of Web of Science records. <br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> Co-word analysis is used to explore subject structure of knowledge management domain and network analysis to show closeness centrality. Also, the similarity of related domains was calculated using the Jaccard index. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> The largest number of high centrality keywords belongs to "Information Systems", followed by "Management" and "Library and Information Science" respectively. The most central keyword in three domains is "Knowledge Sharing". The binary mean index of Jaccard show that "Management" and "Library and Information Science" have the most similarity followed by "Information Systems" and "Library and Information Science". <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Based on results, it is suggested to define Knowledge Management using high centrality keywords, close to Dalkir (2011) definition of the term.<strong>Purpose:</strong> To study the subject structure of knowledge management domain and identify major contributors (domains with the highest number of documents and keywords) through analyzing keywords of Web of Science records. <br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> Co-word analysis is used to explore subject structure of knowledge management domain and network analysis to show closeness centrality. Also, the similarity of related domains was calculated using the Jaccard index. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> The largest number of high centrality keywords belongs to "Information Systems", followed by "Management" and "Library and Information Science" respectively. The most central keyword in three domains is "Knowledge Sharing". The binary mean index of Jaccard show that "Management" and "Library and Information Science" have the most similarity followed by "Information Systems" and "Library and Information Science". <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Based on results, it is suggested to define Knowledge Management using high centrality keywords, close to Dalkir (2011) definition of the term.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464627220160722The Value of Islamic Countries Patents based on Importance FactorThe Value of Islamic Countries Patents based on Importance Factor129148851FAF.Soheili0000-0003-2581-7052A.Mansouriorcid.org/ 0000-0003Journal Article20150601<strong>Purpose:</strong> To study the importance and impact of patents throughout knowledge flow. <br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> Using citation analysis, the impact of importance factor in shaping the knowledge flow among Islamic countries patents being recorded during 2005-2014 in the USPTO database was surveyed. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>The forward-looking measure importance is varying from 0.21 to 4.41 and has the highest impact factor in the first years of study period. The mean generality score among Islamic countries patents is 0.28, describes the fact that less than one third of the citations are from other disciplines. Also, there is a significant correlation between two measures of looking-forward and generality. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Lack of proficiency in English language, little impact of patents on economy and low quality patents, put Islamic countries in a lower level of recording patents in international databases. Also, Iran is below some Islamic countries in producing patents which calls for more attention toward recording patents in international databases. Also, Islamic countries patents have limited impact in particular subject areas compared to developed countries. <strong>Purpose:</strong> To study the importance and impact of patents throughout knowledge flow. <br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> Using citation analysis, the impact of importance factor in shaping the knowledge flow among Islamic countries patents being recorded during 2005-2014 in the USPTO database was surveyed. <br /><strong>Results: </strong>The forward-looking measure importance is varying from 0.21 to 4.41 and has the highest impact factor in the first years of study period. The mean generality score among Islamic countries patents is 0.28, describes the fact that less than one third of the citations are from other disciplines. Also, there is a significant correlation between two measures of looking-forward and generality. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Lack of proficiency in English language, little impact of patents on economy and low quality patents, put Islamic countries in a lower level of recording patents in international databases. Also, Iran is below some Islamic countries in producing patents which calls for more attention toward recording patents in international databases. Also, Islamic countries patents have limited impact in particular subject areas compared to developed countries. National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464627220160722Mapping the Domain of E-book in EBSCO DatabaseMapping the Domain of E-book in EBSCO Database149166846FAS.Fahimifar0000-0001-5182-9159E.TalaeiJournal Article20150509<strong>Purpose</strong>: To map and analyze the social network in the domain of e-book among EBSCO journal articles in order to help publishers and researchers with a multidimensional representation. <br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: Qualitative content analysis and cluster analysis were used to obtain keywords and visualize data. The population was 135 articles about e-book published between 2005 till 2011 in EBSCO database. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The network density of researches done in this domain is low. Also, there are 80 subcategories close to e-book such as acceptance, access, advances of technology, advantages, disadvantages, appearance, evaluation process, attractiveness, biology impact, book future and book industry. The biggest nodes are e-book format, comparison to printed book and access. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Iranian publishers should consider about advances in technology, user-friendly design, economic forces and the associated laws in the domain of E-books.<strong>Purpose</strong>: To map and analyze the social network in the domain of e-book among EBSCO journal articles in order to help publishers and researchers with a multidimensional representation. <br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: Qualitative content analysis and cluster analysis were used to obtain keywords and visualize data. The population was 135 articles about e-book published between 2005 till 2011 in EBSCO database. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The network density of researches done in this domain is low. Also, there are 80 subcategories close to e-book such as acceptance, access, advances of technology, advantages, disadvantages, appearance, evaluation process, attractiveness, biology impact, book future and book industry. The biggest nodes are e-book format, comparison to printed book and access. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Iranian publishers should consider about advances in technology, user-friendly design, economic forces and the associated laws in the domain of E-books.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464627220160722The Relationship between Altmetrics and SNIP, SJR, Eigenfactor and IF of Medical Science JournalsThe Relationship between Altmetrics and SNIP, SJR, Eigenfactor and IF of Medical Science Journals167180864FAM.SalajeghehShahid Bahonar University of Kerman0000-0002-6540-3754S.DiariJournal Article20150722<strong>Purpose:</strong> To identify the relationship between citation indicators like SNIP, SJR, Eigenfactor and impact factor (IF) of medical journals with Altmetrics. <br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> Using scientometrics method, 111 medical science journals having the highest SJR were randomly selected from Scopus. Altmetics data were gathered from altmetrics.com and citation indicators from SCImago, Scijournal and Eigenfactor database. The correlation between measures was examined using SPSS and Structural Equation analyzed by AMOS software. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> There is a correlation between all citation indicators except for IF and altmetrics mean scores. Structural Equation also verified the Pearson correlation test. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Altmetrics indicators can be used along with citations and help in evaluating citations which are not covered by former citation indicators.<strong>Purpose:</strong> To identify the relationship between citation indicators like SNIP, SJR, Eigenfactor and impact factor (IF) of medical journals with Altmetrics. <br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> Using scientometrics method, 111 medical science journals having the highest SJR were randomly selected from Scopus. Altmetics data were gathered from altmetrics.com and citation indicators from SCImago, Scijournal and Eigenfactor database. The correlation between measures was examined using SPSS and Structural Equation analyzed by AMOS software. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> There is a correlation between all citation indicators except for IF and altmetrics mean scores. Structural Equation also verified the Pearson correlation test. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Altmetrics indicators can be used along with citations and help in evaluating citations which are not covered by former citation indicators.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464627220160722The Representation of Science Production and Evaluation in Iranian Formal News AgenciesThe Representation of Science Production and Evaluation in Iranian Formal News Agencies181199847FAE.Vaziri0000-0003-0155-5852A.Mardani0000-0001-9501-1877Journal Article20150510<strong>Purpose</strong>: To identify how Iranian formal news agencies represent science production and evaluation using high level documents. <br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: Using content analysis, Iranian high level documents on science and technology were analyzed and categorized into two groups of science production and science evaluation. The contents of four news agencies (Mehr, ISNA, IRNA and KHABAR ONLINE) during 2011 to 2014 were regarded. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: There were 620 news about science and technology in four news agencies (61.8% on science production and 38.2% on science evaluation). The majority of science production news was around science production quantity and scientific journals and databases, while in science evaluation category, ranking of univerisites, countries and scientists were on top. The top most news contributors were The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Ministry of Education and Islamic World Science Citation Center respectively. The Iranian Parliament had the most critical views toward science production. Humanities got the most critical reviews. The highest cooccurences were among countries ranking and publication, scientific outputs and publications also countries ranking and scientific outputs. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Due to vital role of media in shaping public opinion and publishing science production discourse, it seems necessary for news agencies to consider more about science production.<strong>Purpose</strong>: To identify how Iranian formal news agencies represent science production and evaluation using high level documents. <br /><strong>Methodology</strong>: Using content analysis, Iranian high level documents on science and technology were analyzed and categorized into two groups of science production and science evaluation. The contents of four news agencies (Mehr, ISNA, IRNA and KHABAR ONLINE) during 2011 to 2014 were regarded. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: There were 620 news about science and technology in four news agencies (61.8% on science production and 38.2% on science evaluation). The majority of science production news was around science production quantity and scientific journals and databases, while in science evaluation category, ranking of univerisites, countries and scientists were on top. The top most news contributors were The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Ministry of Education and Islamic World Science Citation Center respectively. The Iranian Parliament had the most critical views toward science production. Humanities got the most critical reviews. The highest cooccurences were among countries ranking and publication, scientific outputs and publications also countries ranking and scientific outputs. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Due to vital role of media in shaping public opinion and publishing science production discourse, it seems necessary for news agencies to consider more about science production.