National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464626420160121Editorial NoteEditorial Note7121047FAN.Neshat0000-0002-8959-8007Journal Article20160213National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464626420160213The Impact of Planned Behavior Theory Variables on Forming Users’ Help Seeking Behavior in Digital LibraryThe Impact of Planned Behavior Theory Variables on Forming Users’ Help Seeking Behavior in Digital Library13281042FAM.ZerehsazPhD, Knowledge and Information Science, Ferdowsi University of MashhadR.FattahiProfessor, Knowledge and Information Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad0000-0002-1694-4052A.SanatjouFaculty Member, Knowledge and Information Science, Ferdowsi University of MashhadJournal Article20150314<strong>Purpose</strong>: To analyze planned behavior theory variables impact on users’ help seeking behavior in the context of information seeking from digital library. <br /><strong>Methodology/Approach</strong>: Mixed methodology is used. Thirty-nine Master and PhD students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad were selected using Stratified Purposive Sampling. Different tools were employed for data collection and analysis. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The psychological variables -except for perceived behavioral control- are in a good situation. By finding the impact of three variables (attitude toward help seeking, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control) on users' intention for help seeking, planned behavioral theory model was confirmed. Attitude toward help seeking not only affects user's intention, but also have positive impact on the time spent and the frequency of requests for help seeking. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: According to the results to support users in help seeking situations, their psychological capabilities must be improved. Also, psychological features must be taken into account when preparing helps resources.<strong>Purpose</strong>: To analyze planned behavior theory variables impact on users’ help seeking behavior in the context of information seeking from digital library. <br /><strong>Methodology/Approach</strong>: Mixed methodology is used. Thirty-nine Master and PhD students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad were selected using Stratified Purposive Sampling. Different tools were employed for data collection and analysis. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The psychological variables -except for perceived behavioral control- are in a good situation. By finding the impact of three variables (attitude toward help seeking, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control) on users' intention for help seeking, planned behavioral theory model was confirmed. Attitude toward help seeking not only affects user's intention, but also have positive impact on the time spent and the frequency of requests for help seeking. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: According to the results to support users in help seeking situations, their psychological capabilities must be improved. Also, psychological features must be taken into account when preparing helps resources.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464626420160213The Back-of-the-book Index in Iran from the Perspective of Publishers and ReadersThe Back-of-the-book Index in Iran from the Perspective of Publishers and Readers2944842FAZ.TahavoriResearcher, National Library and Archives of Iran0000-0002-0247-6614M.KhansefidMaster in Knowledge and Information Science, National Library and Archives of IranZ.FarizadehPhD Candidate, Knowledge and Information Science (Corresponding author), Chamran University of AhwazJournal Article20150607<strong>Purpose</strong>: To explore the situation of back-of-the-book indexes in Iran from three aspects: the existence of an index in published books, the familiarity of readers with indexes, and the publishers' view. <br /><strong>Methodology/Approach</strong>: This is a survey using a self-designed questionnaire and checklist and is done in three parts: 1) investigating the existence of index in 382 books, 2) short interview with 150 members of National Library of Iran, and 3) surveying publishers’ viewpoints on index. <br /><strong>Findings</strong>: Only 12% of published books have indexes. The amount of readers' familiarity with index was 40%. 57% of publishers make index for their books. Half of publishers have expert indexers and 55% have a manual for book indexing. Most of publishers believe that all books do not need index. Some reasons for not having an index are mentioned cost, shortcoming of experts and unfamiliarity of readers with the index. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The back-of-the-book index in Iranian publications is not satisfactory, same as other countries. There are some suggestions to promote book indexing in Iran such as holding workshops for publishers, preparing manuals and enforcing publishers to provide indexes for their books.<strong>Purpose</strong>: To explore the situation of back-of-the-book indexes in Iran from three aspects: the existence of an index in published books, the familiarity of readers with indexes, and the publishers' view. <br /><strong>Methodology/Approach</strong>: This is a survey using a self-designed questionnaire and checklist and is done in three parts: 1) investigating the existence of index in 382 books, 2) short interview with 150 members of National Library of Iran, and 3) surveying publishers’ viewpoints on index. <br /><strong>Findings</strong>: Only 12% of published books have indexes. The amount of readers' familiarity with index was 40%. 57% of publishers make index for their books. Half of publishers have expert indexers and 55% have a manual for book indexing. Most of publishers believe that all books do not need index. Some reasons for not having an index are mentioned cost, shortcoming of experts and unfamiliarity of readers with the index. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The back-of-the-book index in Iranian publications is not satisfactory, same as other countries. There are some suggestions to promote book indexing in Iran such as holding workshops for publishers, preparing manuals and enforcing publishers to provide indexes for their books.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464626420160213The Effect of Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction of Employees of National Library and Archives of IranThe Effect of Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction of Employees of National Library and Archives of Iran45541043FAR.GoudarziMA, Cultural Planning and Management, National Library and Archives of IranH.SeyyedinAssociate Professor, Educational Management, Iran University of Medical SciencesM.HaririzadehMA, Cultural Planning and Management, National Library and Archives of IranJournal Article20150110<strong>Purpose:</strong> To investigate the effects of organizational culture on job satisfaction of employees of National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI). <br /><strong>Research method: </strong>This is an applied research. 285 staffs in different job levels working in NLAI during the years2013 to 2014 were selected. Two questionnaires based on Denison model and Job Description Index (JDI) was used to evaluate organizational culture and job satisfaction respectively. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: There is a direct and significant correlation between organizational culture variables (getting involved, adaptability, consistency, and mission) and five components of job satisfaction. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Employees' Professional attitude is related to different aspects of organizational culture and if this culture works to promote job satisfaction of employees, they will in turn show more interest in their jobs.<strong>Purpose:</strong> To investigate the effects of organizational culture on job satisfaction of employees of National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI). <br /><strong>Research method: </strong>This is an applied research. 285 staffs in different job levels working in NLAI during the years2013 to 2014 were selected. Two questionnaires based on Denison model and Job Description Index (JDI) was used to evaluate organizational culture and job satisfaction respectively. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: There is a direct and significant correlation between organizational culture variables (getting involved, adaptability, consistency, and mission) and five components of job satisfaction. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Employees' Professional attitude is related to different aspects of organizational culture and if this culture works to promote job satisfaction of employees, they will in turn show more interest in their jobs.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464626420160213Gray Literature Management in Libraries of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension OrganizationGray Literature Management in Libraries of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization55741044FAS.SafazadehMA Student, Knowledge and Information Science, Shahid Beheshti UniversityA.R.AsnafiAssistant Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Shahid Beheshti UniversityN.SalemiPhD, Knowledge and Information Science, University of TehranJournal Article20141229<strong>Purpose</strong>: To investigate gray literature management in libraries of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) regarding collection management, organizing and distribution.
<strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> Using a questionnaire, the viewpoints of 52 library managers of AREEO were evaluated.
<strong>Findings: </strong>40.4% of libraries use the resource own name for referring to gray literature.Only 8.5% of libraries have written manual for collecting gray resources. None of the libraries have a selection committee for gray literature. 26.9% of libraries have a list of gray resources kept in their libraries and 70.45% of them specified them in Simorgh database. 63.5% of libraries cannot access such resources using interlibrary loan or shared purchases. The weeding is not conducted on gray resources of 59.6% of libraries. Most of these resources are acquired via dedication. Also, in 73.2% of libraries the organization of these resources is done both manually and mechanically.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: There is not enough attention toward gray resources management in libraries. That could be due to unfamiliarity of such resources. The results of this research can be somewhat popularized to other libraries of Iran.<strong>Purpose</strong>: To investigate gray literature management in libraries of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) regarding collection management, organizing and distribution.
<strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> Using a questionnaire, the viewpoints of 52 library managers of AREEO were evaluated.
<strong>Findings: </strong>40.4% of libraries use the resource own name for referring to gray literature.Only 8.5% of libraries have written manual for collecting gray resources. None of the libraries have a selection committee for gray literature. 26.9% of libraries have a list of gray resources kept in their libraries and 70.45% of them specified them in Simorgh database. 63.5% of libraries cannot access such resources using interlibrary loan or shared purchases. The weeding is not conducted on gray resources of 59.6% of libraries. Most of these resources are acquired via dedication. Also, in 73.2% of libraries the organization of these resources is done both manually and mechanically.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: There is not enough attention toward gray resources management in libraries. That could be due to unfamiliarity of such resources. The results of this research can be somewhat popularized to other libraries of Iran.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464626420160213The Effect of Job Rotation on Productivity of the Staff of National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI)The Effect of Job Rotation on Productivity of the Staff of National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI)75901045FAN.HaririAssociate professor, LIS department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University0000-0003-2320-7023S.EtemadiMA, Knowledge and Information Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityJournal Article20120604Purpose: To determine the effects of job rotation on the productivity of employees regarding viewpoints of NLAI librarians. <br />Methodology/Approach: It is a survey study using a self-designed questionnaire. The viewpoints of 196 librarians working in NLAI were measured about the role of job rotation on productivity, according to the four aspects of productivity (individual, organizational and systematic, management, and procedures) <br />Findings: Job rotation positively effects on improving staff skills, knowledge sharing, dynamism in libraries, managers’ support and encourage toward employees, coping problems, achieving new ways to increase diversity in work and overcome fatigue and unhappiness. <br />Conclusion: Job rotation promotes the productivity and is an opportunity for improvement in NLAI.Purpose: To determine the effects of job rotation on the productivity of employees regarding viewpoints of NLAI librarians. <br />Methodology/Approach: It is a survey study using a self-designed questionnaire. The viewpoints of 196 librarians working in NLAI were measured about the role of job rotation on productivity, according to the four aspects of productivity (individual, organizational and systematic, management, and procedures) <br />Findings: Job rotation positively effects on improving staff skills, knowledge sharing, dynamism in libraries, managers’ support and encourage toward employees, coping problems, achieving new ways to increase diversity in work and overcome fatigue and unhappiness. <br />Conclusion: Job rotation promotes the productivity and is an opportunity for improvement in NLAI.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464626420160213The Familiarity of Medical Students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences with the Evidence-based Medicine ProceduresThe Familiarity of Medical Students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences with the Evidence-based Medicine Procedures911081046FAS.EbrahimiAssistant Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Shiraz UniversityP.BagheriMA, Knowledge and Information Science, Shiraz UniversityA.JowkarProfessor, Knowledge and Information Science, Shiraz UniversityJournal Article20150109<strong>Purpose</strong>: To survey the familiarity of the medical students studying in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences with the evidence-based medicine. <br /><strong>Methodology/Approach</strong>: This is a survey using a questionnaire for data gathering. The viewpoints of 226 medical students in their last three years of study were measured toward evidence-based medicine. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The greatest rate of students' familiarity with evidence-based procedures is related to the fourth step - implementation of the evidence in clinical environments- with average rank of 3.38. There is no significant correlation between two variables of sexuality and education level with students' familiarity with evidence-based medicine. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Medical students have a little familiarity with evidence-based medicine; it calls for more attention by university managers to hold training classes and medical workshops on evidence-based medicine.<strong>Purpose</strong>: To survey the familiarity of the medical students studying in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences with the evidence-based medicine. <br /><strong>Methodology/Approach</strong>: This is a survey using a questionnaire for data gathering. The viewpoints of 226 medical students in their last three years of study were measured toward evidence-based medicine. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The greatest rate of students' familiarity with evidence-based procedures is related to the fourth step - implementation of the evidence in clinical environments- with average rank of 3.38. There is no significant correlation between two variables of sexuality and education level with students' familiarity with evidence-based medicine. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Medical students have a little familiarity with evidence-based medicine; it calls for more attention by university managers to hold training classes and medical workshops on evidence-based medicine.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464626420160213Library and Librarianship in Samanid EmpireLibrary and Librarianship in Samanid Empire1091221048FAF.KohanHead of Department of Acquisition of Non-Book Materials, National Library and Archives of IranJournal Article20141030<strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore library building and equipment, methods for collection development, book organizations and different kinds of libraries during Samanid period.
<strong>Methodology/Approach</strong>: The historical method is used and data was gathered from library resources.
<strong>Results:</strong> Libraries were the most important institutions in Samanid era and were categorized in royal, public, school and mosque libraries. Their collections were mainly provided through devotion, derivation, translation, compilation and donation. Many of the libraries' main activities can be seen in these institutions where scientists and scholars gathered for research and education.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Due to the growth and development of different libraries, the expansion in their collections, the high usage of their resources, having users from scientists and scholars and the systematic management of libraries by a committee of manager, treasurer and librarian; and in spite of being contemporary with Medieval in west, orientalists call Samanid era the age of "cultural renaissance" in Iran. <strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore library building and equipment, methods for collection development, book organizations and different kinds of libraries during Samanid period.
<strong>Methodology/Approach</strong>: The historical method is used and data was gathered from library resources.
<strong>Results:</strong> Libraries were the most important institutions in Samanid era and were categorized in royal, public, school and mosque libraries. Their collections were mainly provided through devotion, derivation, translation, compilation and donation. Many of the libraries' main activities can be seen in these institutions where scientists and scholars gathered for research and education.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Due to the growth and development of different libraries, the expansion in their collections, the high usage of their resources, having users from scientists and scholars and the systematic management of libraries by a committee of manager, treasurer and librarian; and in spite of being contemporary with Medieval in west, orientalists call Samanid era the age of "cultural renaissance" in Iran. National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464626420160213SWOT Analysis and Strategic Positioning of National Library of Iran Regarding Marketing-Promotion FrameworkSWOT Analysis and Strategic Positioning of National Library of Iran Regarding Marketing-Promotion Framework123138843FAF.SahliMaster student of Information Science and Knowledge Studies of Tehran University0000-0001-6830-6100M.R.Esmaili GiviPhD of Systems Management, Assistant Professor of Tehran UniversityN.NaghshineAssistant Professor of Information Studies Lab0000-0003-4331-6454Journal Article20150427<strong>Purpose</strong>: Strategic analysis of the current state of the National Library of Iran using marketing-promotion framework and presenting proposed strategies based on SWOT matrix.
<strong>Methodology</strong>: Applying content analysis on interviews with 13 library specialist staff, the SWOT elements were extracted. Then by using questionnaire, elements ranking and matrix of strategic position evaluation, library's strategic position in the field of promotion is determined and SO, ST, WO, and WT strategies were provided.
<strong>Findings</strong>: Library's weaknesses are dominant over strengths, while opportunities are over threats. Therefore, it is suggested that library does not risk.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: Library's strategic position in the promotion context is conservative. Some of proposed strategies include: using maximum intellectual capacities of human resources, law reforming for the effective use of social media capabilities, using better promotional opportunities, achieving management stability, raising the recruitment capacities, using staff capable of research in executive positions and trying for good budgeting and proper allocation of financial resources.<strong>Purpose</strong>: Strategic analysis of the current state of the National Library of Iran using marketing-promotion framework and presenting proposed strategies based on SWOT matrix.
<strong>Methodology</strong>: Applying content analysis on interviews with 13 library specialist staff, the SWOT elements were extracted. Then by using questionnaire, elements ranking and matrix of strategic position evaluation, library's strategic position in the field of promotion is determined and SO, ST, WO, and WT strategies were provided.
<strong>Findings</strong>: Library's weaknesses are dominant over strengths, while opportunities are over threats. Therefore, it is suggested that library does not risk.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: Library's strategic position in the promotion context is conservative. Some of proposed strategies include: using maximum intellectual capacities of human resources, law reforming for the effective use of social media capabilities, using better promotional opportunities, achieving management stability, raising the recruitment capacities, using staff capable of research in executive positions and trying for good budgeting and proper allocation of financial resources.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464626420160213Documenting Experiences: An Analysis of Behavioral – Cultural Factors and the Mechanisms of Recording Managers' Experiences (Case Study of Documentation Center of Astan Quds Razavi)Documenting Experiences: An Analysis of Behavioral – Cultural Factors and the Mechanisms of Recording Managers' Experiences (Case Study of Documentation Center of Astan Quds Razavi)1391541049FAS.ZiaeiS.TavakoliPhD Candidate, Knowledge and Information Science, Payam Noor University of MashhadJournal Article20140622<strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify behavioral and cultural factors and the mechanisms of recording managers' experiences in Documents Center of Astan Quds Razavi.
<strong>Methodology/Approach</strong>: 17 senior experts and managers working in document center of Astan Quds Razavi were surveyed using a self-designed questionnaire.
<strong>Results</strong>: There is a significant difference between the current and the ideal situations considering behavioral and cultural factors variables. The "support and management of high-level managers" is the most important variable and "rewarding" is the least (1.5%). However, in the ideal situation, the "individuals' transformation and dynamism for improvement" variable has the highest importance (6.1%). Regarding the mechanisms for recording experiences, "exhibition and workshops" variable gets the highest (2.9%) and "appointing a day or a week for introducing experienced ones" variable gets the lowest rank (1.9%).Again in the ideal situation, two variables of "establishing documentation centers in organizations based on mission" and "the transfer of experience from retired staffs to successors" stand in the highest level (4.4%), whereas "preparing brochures and catalogues" is the least important factor (4%).
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Managers decide individually to record their experiences, while the positive attitude toward this manner in long term will result in a constructive culture in organizations.<strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify behavioral and cultural factors and the mechanisms of recording managers' experiences in Documents Center of Astan Quds Razavi.
<strong>Methodology/Approach</strong>: 17 senior experts and managers working in document center of Astan Quds Razavi were surveyed using a self-designed questionnaire.
<strong>Results</strong>: There is a significant difference between the current and the ideal situations considering behavioral and cultural factors variables. The "support and management of high-level managers" is the most important variable and "rewarding" is the least (1.5%). However, in the ideal situation, the "individuals' transformation and dynamism for improvement" variable has the highest importance (6.1%). Regarding the mechanisms for recording experiences, "exhibition and workshops" variable gets the highest (2.9%) and "appointing a day or a week for introducing experienced ones" variable gets the lowest rank (1.9%).Again in the ideal situation, two variables of "establishing documentation centers in organizations based on mission" and "the transfer of experience from retired staffs to successors" stand in the highest level (4.4%), whereas "preparing brochures and catalogues" is the least important factor (4%).
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Managers decide individually to record their experiences, while the positive attitude toward this manner in long term will result in a constructive culture in organizations.National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of IranLibrarianship and Information Organization Studies2783-464626420160213Professional Ethics among Librarians of the Library, Museum and Documents Center of the Islamic Consultative AssemblyProfessional Ethics among Librarians of the Library, Museum and Documents Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly1551661050FAN.Mohammad AlipourAssistant Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Islamic Azad UniversityS.MoradiMA Student, Knowledge and Information Science, Islamic Azad University, RudehenJournal Article20150303<strong>Purpose</strong>: To evaluate professional ethics among librarians of Library, Museum and Documents Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and its effects on their performance.
<strong>Methodology/Approach</strong>: 120 librarians working at different parts of the library were surveyed.
<strong>Results</strong>: There is a significant difference between the average of all variables and the general factor of librarians' professional ethics with the theoretical average, where the first variables stand in a higher level than the second one. The averages for all the performance components are higher than theoretical average, except for the "promotion of knowledge and skills" variable.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: To give better services, librarians need to know professional ethics through training and persuasion. <strong>Purpose</strong>: To evaluate professional ethics among librarians of Library, Museum and Documents Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and its effects on their performance.
<strong>Methodology/Approach</strong>: 120 librarians working at different parts of the library were surveyed.
<strong>Results</strong>: There is a significant difference between the average of all variables and the general factor of librarians' professional ethics with the theoretical average, where the first variables stand in a higher level than the second one. The averages for all the performance components are higher than theoretical average, except for the "promotion of knowledge and skills" variable.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: To give better services, librarians need to know professional ethics through training and persuasion.