ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Representationalism: Philosophical Foundations of Language in Knowledge Organization and Information Retrieval
Purpose: This paper aims at gaining a deep understanding of representationalism in knowledge organization and information retrieval analyzing foundations of philosophy of mind and philosophy of language. Method: The method used is logical inference. The approach is theoretical and argumentative. Accordingly, its feature and nature is speculative. Findings: Representationalism is the indirect realism rooted in seventeenth-century Cartesianism, in Locke and Hume's eighteenth-century empiricism, and in Kant's idealism. Language in this early period of modern philosophy, had no material existence and was fully used to regulate ideas. Since its main consideration is the subjectivity, it is not necessary to enhance the status of language that acts as an intermediary connecting subject with object and that expresses the meanings of the object; since early modern philosophy does not concern itself with the issue of intersubjectivity and the relationship between “I” and “the other,” it is not necessary to pay heed to the function of language that serves as a bridge among subjects or consciousnesses (let alone among cultures). The emphasis of representationalism in the philosophy of mind is that ideas and perceptions are superior to language, and language is the only representation of thoughts. In the philosophy of language, representationalism means that language is like a mirror representing concepts, and meaning is fixed according to this representationalist view of language as well. Conclusion: Representation is an accepted principle in the field of knowledge organization and information retrieval. Accordingly, the issue of representation is addressed according to representationalist approaches. In order to understand representationalism in this field and its connection with language and meaning, it is necessary to pay attention to this theory and its prepositions in philosophy. Our study showed that the theory of representationalism was indicative and supportive of a marginal rather than a central view of language. Accordingly, changing the representationalist approach to language in information science, can help our field to improve its semantic information retrieval systems. We seek to retrieve relevant and meaning-based information. To present in detail the theory of representationalism in relation to language and meaning in these areas requires further study. Here, we only showed the presuppositions, origins, and leaders of the theory in philosophy of mind and language.
https://nastinfo.nlai.ir/article_2605_8a73434a42046d82ea020a1d90560ab9.pdf
2021-04-21
3
15
10.30484/nastinfo.2021.2762.2019
representationalism
Philosophy of Mind
Philosophy of Language
Information retrieval
Information organization
Knowledge organization
M.
Farashbashi Astaneh
vastaneh@gmail.com
1
PhD Candidate, Knowledge and Information Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Nowkarizi
mnowkarizi@um.ac.ir
2
Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Behzadi
hasanbehzadi@gmail.com
3
Assistant Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
B.
Shabani Varaki
bshabani@um.ac.ir
4
Professor, Department of Philosophy of Education, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran,
AUTHOR
Abbasi, V. (2014). Allame Tabatabee`s Ontological and Epistemological Realism Rerieved from A Group of Authors, Realism (pp. 85-115). Tehran: Sazman-e Entesharat-e Pazhooheshgah-e Farhang va Andishe-ye Eslami. [In Persian]
1
]عباسی، ولیالله (1393). رئالیسم هستیشناختی و معرفتشناختی علامه طباطبایی. در جمعی از مؤلفان، رئالیسم
2
(ص 85-115). تهران: سازمان انتشارات پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی. [
3
Adam, R. (1982, September). Language and information retrieval in the social sciences. Retrieved from Aslib Proceedings. MCB UP Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb050854
4
Bayat, A & et al (2002). A Words Dictionary. Ghom: moassese-ye Andisheh va Farhange Dini. [In Persian]
5
]بیات، عبدالرسول و دیگران (1381). فرهنگ واژهها. قم: مؤسسه اندیشه و فرهنگ دینی. [
6
Blair, D. C. (1992). Information retrieval and the philosophy of language. The Computer Journal, 35(3), 200-207. https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/35.3.200
7
Blair, D. C. (2003). Information retrieval and the philosophy of language Rerieved from Language and representation in information retrieval. Elsevier North-Holland, Inc.
8
Bunge, M. (2015). Dictionary of Philosophy (Alireza Amir Ghasemi, Trans.). Tehran: Akhtaran (Original work Published 1999). [In Persian]
9
]بونگه، ماریو (1394). فرهنگنامه فلسفی (علیرضا امیرقاسمی، مترجم). تهران: اختران (نشر اثر اصلی 1999).[
10
Chernow, B.A& Vallasi, G.A (1993). The Columbia Encyclopedia. (5th ed.,) New York; Columbia University Press.
11
Craig, E. (1998). Realism and Antirealism Rerieved from Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (Vol. 8. pp.115-119). London; New York; Routledge
12
Dretske, F.I (1995). Naïve Realism Rerieved from The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (pp. 602). Oxford; Oxford university press.
13
Fakhar Noghani, V.; Hosseini Shahrudi, S.M. (2017). Investigating and Stating the Role of Language in Representing Reality and its Epistemological Results According to Mulla Sadra. Journal of New Intellectual Research., 3 (5): 101-121. [In Persian]
14
]فخار نوغانی، وحیده؛ حسینی شاهرودی، سیدمرتضی (1397). بررسی و تبیین نقش زبان در بازنمود واقعیت و
15
برآیندهای معرفتشناختی آن از دیدگاه ملاصدرا. پژوهشهای عقلی نوین. 3 (5). 101-121. [
16
Ghaemi Nia, A. (2014). Two types of realism: Naive and Critical Rerieved from A Group of Authors, Realism (pp. 47-65). Tehran: Sazman-e Entesharat-e Pazhooheshgah-e Farhang va Andishe-ye Eslami. [In Persian]
17
]قائمینیا، علیرضا (1393). دو نوع رئالیسم: خام و انتقادی. در جمعی از محققان، رئالیسم (ص47-65). تهران:
18
سازمان انتشارات پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی. [
19
Ingwersen, P. (2010). Information Retrieval Interaction (Hajar Sotudeh, Trans.). Tehran: Ketabdar (Original work Published 1992). [In Persian]
20
]اینگورسن، پیتر (1389). تعامل بازیابی اطلاعات (هاجر ستوده، مترجم). تهران: کتابدار (نشر اثر اصلی 1992). [
21
Inwood, M. (2008). A Hegel Dictionary (Hasan Mortazavi, Trans.). Mashhad: Neeka (Original work Published 1992). [In Persian]
22
]اینوود، مایکل (1387). فرهنگ فلسفی هگل (حسن مرتضوی، مترجم). مشهد: نیکا (نشر اثر اصلی 1992).[
23
Harman, G. (1990). The intrinsic quality of experience Rerieved from Philosophical perspectives, (Vol.4. pp. 31-52.). Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview.
24
Hirst, R.J. (2006). Realism Rerieved from The Encyclopedia of philosophy (2nd ed.). (Vol. 8, pp. 260-269). Detroit; Thomson GaleMacmillan Reference USA
25
Hjørland, B. (1998). Information retrieval, text composition, and semantics. Knowledge Organization, 25(1/2), 16-31.
26
Levine, j. (2006). Representationalism Rerieved from The Encyclopedia of philosophy (2nd ed.). (Vol. 8, pp. 194-195). Detroit; Thomson GaleMacmillan Reference USA.
27
Lycan, W.G. (1987). Consciousness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
28
Maslin, K.T. (2012) An Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind (Mahdi Zakeri, Trans.). Ghom: Daftar-e Tablighat-e Eslami-ye Hoze-ye Elmiyeh Ghom, Moavenat-e Pazhooheshi, Pazhooheshgah-e Oloom va Farhang-e Eslami (Original work Published 2007). [In Persian]
29
]مسلین، کیت (1391). درآمدی به فلسفه ذهن (مهدی ذاکری، مترجم). قم: دفتر تبلیغات اسلامی حوزه علمیه قم،
30
معاونت پژوهشی، پژوهشگاه علوم و فرهنگ اسلامی (نشر اثر اصلی 2007). [
31
Maura E. (2013) Instrumental Reason. Rerieved from The Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions (pp. 1060-1064). New York: Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg.
32
Rashidian, A. (2014). Post Modern Dictionary. Tehran: Nashr-e Ney. [In Persian]
33
]رشیدیان، عبدالکریم (1393). فرهنگ پسامدرن. تهران: نشر نی. [
34
Saliba, J. (1987). Mojam-Al Falsafi (Manoochehr Sanei Dare Bidi, Trans.). Tehran: Entesharat-e Hekmat (Original work Published 1987). [In Persian]
35
]صلیبا، جمیل (1366). فرهنگ فلسفی (منوچهر صانعی درهبیدی، مترجم). تهران: انتشارات حکمت (نشر اثر اصلی
36
1987). [
37
Searle, J.R. (2019). Mind: A brief introduction (Mohammad Yoosefi, Trans.). Tehran: Nashr-e Ney (Original work Published 2004). [In Persian]
38
]سرل، جان (1398). درآمدی کوتاه به ذهن (محمد یوسفی، مترجم).تهران: نشر نی (نشر اثر اصلی 2004).[
39
Szabo, Z.G (1998). Language, Early Modern Philosophy of. Rerieved from Routledge encyclopedia of philosophy.(Vol. 5, pp. 371-379). London; New York; Routledge
40
Taylor, C. (1995). Representation. Rerieved from The oxford companion to philosophy (PP. 769-770). Oxford.Oxford University Press.
41
Thornley, C., & Gibb, F. (2009). Meaning in philosophy and meaning in information retrieval (IR). Journal of documentation, (Vol. 65 No. 1, pp. 133-150). https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410910926158
42
Tye, M. (1995). Ten Problems of Consciousness: A Representational Theory of the Phenomenal Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
43
Yang, D. (2008). Representationalism and the linguistic question in early modern philosophy. Frontiers of Philosophy in China, 3(4), 595-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11466-008-0037-3
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Post-Truth as a New Object for Information Science
Purpose: This paper presents the results of research on the information science evolution, its concepts and problems, highlighting how the recent post-truth phenomenon raises new questions to the area. The objectives are related to the identification and characterization of the post-truth phenomenon to demonstrate that it represents a new informational reality challenging the categories hitherto existing. The discussion on information science starts from the mapping of three major study models in the area: the physical, the cognitive, and the social. The first, which arose at the beginning of information science, focuses on the technical aspects of the transmission of records and on issues of information retrieval. The second focuses on the design of information systems based on the users' cognitive needs and search processes. The third focuses on the social and cultural dimensions of information, its relationship with the action of the subjects and the contexts in which these actions occur. The discussion about the post-truth is presented in terms of its causes, characteristics and consequences. Its causes include scientific denialism, the human cognitive bias of confirmation, the disintermediation of information, the formation of the bubble effect as a result of the logic of the algorithms of social networks and search engines, and the hijacking of the idea of relativizing the truth produced by the philosophical movement of postmodernity. Regarding the characteristics of the phenomenon, the intentional and spontaneous forms of disinformation production stand out, through different platforms, mainly the instant messaging applications that work underground. Finally, in relation to the consequences, the strengthening of authoritarian regimes, the weakening of institutions and a greater submission of subjects are listed. Method: The methodology used in this research is literature review and epistemological discussion. For information science, books, manuals and articles produced by authors from different countries were considered. Their objective was to present or map the field from its theoretical currents and paradigms. Thus, for the analysis, works that only made a history of information science or those presented it only from a single point of view or theoretical perspective were not considered. For the question of post-truth, mainly recent books were considered for the depth of discussions and general analyses of the phenomenon and exploring its causes, characteristics and consequences. Analyses that correlated post-truth with other contemporary phenomena were also considered. The works selected to compose the theoretical framework were analyzed from an epistemological viewpoint in order to compose an interpretive framework to meet the proposed objectives. Findings: The result of the confrontation between the discussion of the conceptual framework of information science and the questions related to post-truth showed the need for information science to give centrality to the attribute of "truth" of information, in addition to those already studied, such as relevance, retrieval, relationship with knowledge.The phenomenon of post-truth has technical, human, and social dimensions. Information science has the tools and concepts to explore these dimensions. Conclusion: Post-truth phenomenon presents itself as the major contemporary challenge for information science, requiring further investigation for understanding it, and developing strategies to deal with it.
https://nastinfo.nlai.ir/article_2621_e5cb84855abb8a25dc5e792eb3325090.pdf
2021-04-21
16
30
10.30484/nastinfo.2021.2811.2027
Epistemology of information science
Post-truth
Information Reality
Paradigms of information science
Theories of information science
C.
Araujo
carlosaraujoufmg@gmail.com
1
Associate Professor, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aparici, R. & García-Marín, M. (Coords). (2019). La posverdad: una cartografia de los médios, las redes y la política. Barcelona: Gedisa.
1
Argemí, M. (2019). Los siete hábitos de la gente desinformada. Barcelona: Conecta.
2
Bawden, D., & Robinson, L. (2012). Introduction to information science. London: Facet.
3
Broncano, F. (2019). Puntos ciegos: ignorancia pública y conocimiento privado. Madrid: Lengua de Trapo.
4
Capurro, R. (2007). Epistemología y ciencia de la información. Enl@ce: Revista Venezolana de Información, Tecnología y Conocimiento, 4(1), 11-29. Retrieved, Mar 22, 2021, from https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/enlace/article/view/13372
5
Casara, R. (2019). A era pós-democrática. Porto: Exclamação.
6
Coll-Vinent, R. (1984). Ciencia documental: princípios y sistemas. Barcelona: Mitre.
7
Cosentino, G. (2020). Social media and the post-truth world order: the global dynamics of disinformation. Cham: Palgrave. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43005-4
8
Cronin, B. (2008). The sociological turn in information science. Journal of Information Science, 34(4), 465-475. DOI: 10.1177/0165551508088944
9
Dalkir, K., & Katz, R. (Eds.). (2020). Naviganting fake news, alternative facts, and misinformation in a post-truth world. Hershey: IGI Global. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2543-2
10
Davis, C., & Shaw, D. (2001). Introduction to information science and technology. Medford: Information Today.
11
Debons, A., Horne, E., Cronenweth, S. (1988). Information science: an integrated view. Boston: G. K. Hall.
12
Eatwell, R., & Goodwin, M. (2019). Nacionalpopulismo: por qué está triunfando y de qué forma es un reto para la democracia. Barcelona: Península.
13
Ferrari, P. (2018). Como sair das bolhas. São Paulo: Educ; Armazém da Cultura.
14
Floridi, L. (2019). The logic of information: a theory of philosophy as conceptual design. London: Oxford University Press.
15
Frankfurt, H. (2019). On bullshit: sobre a conversa, o embuste e a mentira. Lisboa: Bookout.
16
Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic injustice: power and the ethics of knowing. New York: Oxford University Press.
17
Fukuyama, F. (2019). Identidad: la demanda de dignidad y las políticas de resentimiento. Barcelona: Deusto.
18
Fuller, S. (2018). Post-truth: knowledge as a power game. London: Anthem. DOI: 10.2307/j. ctvgd30v
19
Furner, J. (2010). Philosophy and information studies. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 44, 161-200. DOI: 10.1002/aris.2010.1440440111
20
Furner, J. (2018). Truth, relevance, and justice: towards a veritistic turn for KO. In: F. Ribeiro and M. Cerveira. (Eds.). Challenges and Opportunities for Knowledge Organization in the Digital Age: Proceedings of the Fifteenth International ISKO Conference 9-11 July 2018. Porto: Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, 468-474.
21
Geiselberger, H. (Ed.). (2017). O grande retrocesso. Lisboa: Objectiva.
22
Gilchrist, A. (Ed.). (2009). Information science in transition. Londres: Facet.
23
Gómez de Águeda, Á. (2019). Mundo Orwell: manual de supervivencia para un mundo hiperconectado. Madrid: Ariel.
24
Greifeneder, R., Jaffé, M., Newman, E., & Schwarz, N. (Eds.). (2021). The psychology of fake news: accepting, sharing, and correcting misinformation. London: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9780429295379
25
Hjørland, B. (2018b). Library and information science (LIS), Part 2. Knowledge Organization, 45(4), 319-338. Retrieved, Mar 22, 2021, from https://www.isko.org/cyclo/lis
26
Hjørland, B. (2018a). Library and information science (LIS), Part I. Knowledge Organization, 45(3), 232-254. Retrieved, Mar 22, 2021, from https://www.isko.org/cyclo/lis
27
Kakutani, M. (2019). La muerte de la verdad: notas sobre la falsedad en la era Trump. Barcelona: Galáxia Gutemberg.
28
Keen, A. (2008). O culto do amadorismo. Lisboa: Guerra e Paz.
29
Linares Columbié, R. (2005). Ciencia de la información: su história y epistemología. Santa Fé: Rojas Eberhard.
30
Magallón Rosa, R. (2019). Unfaking news: cómo combatir la desinformación. Madrid: Pirámide.
31
McIntyre, L. (2018). Posverdad. Madrid: Cátedra.
32
Naeem, S., & Bhatti, R. (2020). The Covid-19 ‘infodemic’: a new front for information profesionals. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 37(3), 233-239. DOI: 10.1111/hir.12311
33
Noble, S. U. (2018). Algorithms of oppression: how search engines reinforce racism. New York: New York University Press.
34
O’Connor, C., & Weatherall, J. (2019). The misinformation age: how false beliefs spread. New Haven: Yale University Press.
35
Oreskes, N., Conway, E. (2010). Merchants of doubt: how a handful of scientists obscured the truth on issues from tobacco smoke to global warming. London: Bloomsbury.
36
Pellicer Alapont, M. P. (2017). La comunicación en la era Trump. Barcelona: UOC.
37
Peters, M., Rider, S., Hyvönen, M., & Besley, T. (Eds.) (2018). Post-truth, fake news, viral modernity & higher education. Singapore: Springer.
38
Santaella, L. (2019). A pós-verdade é verdadeira ou falsa? Barueri: Estação das Letras e Cores.
39
Saracevic, T. (1999). Information Science. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(12), 1051-1063. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:12<1051::AID-ASI2>3.0.CO;2-Z
40
Seger, E. et al (2020). Tackling threats to informed decision-making in democratic societies: promoting epistemic security in a technologically-advanced world. London: The Alan Turing Institute. Retrieved, Mar 22, 2021, from https://www.turing.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-10/epistemic-security-report_final.pdf
41
Wilber, K. (2018). Trump y la posverdad. Barcelona: Kairós.
42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Proposing Performance Indicators for the National Library of Iran (NLI) based on BSC Perspectives
Purpose: This paper aims at propose appropriate performance indicators based on the world’s national libraries and related ISOs. These were grouped according to 4 perspectives of BSC involving (Resources, access, and Infrastructure; Use; Efficiency; and Potentials and development). Method: Firstly, performance indicators of 7 national libraries (British Library, National Library of Australia, National Library of Spain, Swiss National Library, Library and Archives Canada, National Library of France, and National Diet Library) were collected and categorized according to ISO 28118, ISO 21248 standards. The outcome then was viewed and commented for suitability by 13 senior professional staff of NLI. In total, the indicators were defined in 11 dimensions and 192 indicators based on NLIs goals and tasks. The research tools to conduct a Fuzzy Delphi technique involve a checklist whose validity were recognized according to expert's opinion. Findings: 32 out of 192 performance indicators were considered suitable. These were grouped according to 4 perspectives of BSC: 11 indicators on Resources (Percentage of National Publications Acquired by the NLI, Percentage of acquired books in any medium and multimedia resources entered by legal deposit, Percentage of acquired serials entered by legal deposit, Coverage of the national imprint in the new entries of the national bibliography , Percentage of national publication with Cataloging in publication; Number of searches for "National Bibliography Offering Service" of NLI-OPAC, Number of NLI Press Online titles, Increase the percentage of digitized titles and pages per 1 000 Documents in the Collection, Cumulative percentage of at-risk audiovisual material migrated from an obsolete to a current digital file format, Total m2 of surface in deposits of bibliographic funds with control of air conditioning and percentage, Percentage of Storage Space which has an Appropriate Environment); 8 on Use (Qualitative evaluation using case studies of use and value of the collection and services, Satisfaction with ease of finding information on the NLI’s website, Satisfaction level of NLI-OPAC- user questionnaire, Overall satisfaction level of user service (user questionnaire), Level of user satisfaction with the search of the NLI website, The number of active users of NLI, Number of views of digitized books and magazines, Number of views of Digitized press); 10 on Efficiency (Median time to catalog books entered by legal deposit (in weeks), Median Time of Document Processing, The rate of providing document reference services, Percentage of information requests submitted electronically, Percentage of correct reference questions answered electronically, Number of users to whom direct bibliographic information has been provided in the reading rooms with a maximum waiting time of 10 minutes and a percentage of the total, Number of users to whom general information has been provided with a maximum waiting time of 10 minutes and percentage of the total, Employee Productivity in Document Processing, Employee productivity in Cataloguing in Publication (CIP), Employee Productivity in Lending and Delivery Services ); 3 on Potential and development (Percentage of library staff involved in resource processing, Percentage of processing staff involved in CIP, Percentage of Staff in National and International Cooperation and Projects). Conclusion: By extracting and proposing performance indicators and classifying them in 4 dimensions of balanced scorecard, it is possible for the National Library of Iran to evaluate its performance and compare itself with other national libraries in around the world and reach consensus on valid indicators through repeated reviews and monitoring.From the results of this research, it can be said that among the 32 selected indicators to evaluate the performance of NLAI, a total of 8 indicators are related to the two ISOs studied (28118 and 21248); That is, 25% of the performance indicators monitored in this study are in accordance with ISO. Finally, both ISOs related to national libraries (ISO 28118 and 21248) can be a good source for designing performance indicators of national libraries. .
https://nastinfo.nlai.ir/article_2586_1b92da6adf668d8cb8eec73283b7423c.pdf
2021-04-21
31
46
10.30484/nastinfo.2020.2666.1996
National libraries
performance indicator
ISO 28118
ISO 21248
National library of Iran
Fuzzy Delphi Method
BSC
E.
hassanzadeh
elahehhassanzadehdizaji@gmail.com
1
PhD, Knowledge and Information Science, National library and Archives of I.R. of Iran- Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Osareh
osareh.far@gmail.com
2
Professor of Library and Information Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Khosravi
fa.khosravi@gmail.com
3
Library Deputy, National Library and Archives of Iran
AUTHOR
Al Hijji, K. Z., & Cox, A. M. (2012). Performance measurement methods at academic libraries in Oman. Performance Measurement and Metrics, 13 (3), 183-196.
1
British Library annual report and accounts 2017/18. (2018). Retrieved April 21, 2021, from https://www.bl.uk/britishlibrary/~/media/bl/global/about%20us/annual%20reports/45th%20annual%20report%202017-18.pdf
2
Cho, Yoon-Hee. (2006). A Study on Applying the BSC for University Libraries. Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science. https://doi.org/10.4275/KSLIS.2006.40.1.241
3
Gasiorowski-Denis, Elizabeth (9 April 2019). ISO 21248:2019. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from https://www.iso.org/news/ref2383.html
4
Hammes, M. (2010), Third generation Balanced Scorecards for libraries: from measuring instrument to core strategic management tool, in Graham, M. and Thornton, S. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th Northumbria International Conference on Performance measurement in Libraries and Information Services, Florence, Italy,17-20 August 2009, Northumbria University Press, Newcastle upon Tyne, pp. 43-53.
5
Hariri, Nadjla; Sarafpour, Sahar (2015). Introducing measurement indicators of Iranian special libraries within balanced scorecard approach, Quarterly journal of knowledge studies, 7 (27), 31-42. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from
6
http://qje.iau-tnb.ac.ir/article_516848_933563dad43939a6703ffd33e9e4e492.pdf [In Persian]
7
[حریری، نجلا و صرافپور، سحر (1393). ارائه شاخصهای ارزیابی عملکرد کتابخانههای تخصصی ایران با رویکرد کارت امتیازی
8
متوازن. فصلنامه دانششناسی، 7 (27)، 31- 42.]
9
Huang, R. & Song, L. (2010). Application of Balanced Scorecard in Library Management and Evaluation, 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science, Wuhan, 2010, 1-4.
10
Hunter, D. (2009). Development of strategic performance information at the National Library of Scotland. Performance Measurement and Metrics, 10 (2), 142-150.
11
International Organization for Standardization (2007). Information and documentation — International library statistics, ISO 2789 (Institute of Standards & Industrial Research of Iran, Trans.). Tehran: Institute of Standards & Industrial Research of Iran. [In Persian]
12
[ایزو (1386). اطلاعات و مستندسازی- آمار بینالمللی کتابخانهای، ایزو 2789 (سازمان ملی استاندارد ایران، مترجم). تهران: سازمان
13
ملی استاندارد ایران.]
14
International Organization for Standardization (2015). Information and documentation — Methods and procedures for assessing the impact of libraries, ISO 16439 (Institute of Standards & Industrial Research of Iran, Trans.). Tehran: Institute of Standards & Industrial Research of Iran. [In Persian]
15
[ایزو (1394). اطلاعات و مستندات- روشها و رویههای ارزیابی تاثیر کتابخانهها، ایزو 16439 (سازمان ملی استاندارد ایران، مترجم). تهران: سازمان ملی استاندارد ایران.]
16
International Organization for Standardization (2009). ISO 28118: 2009 Information and documentation: performance indicators for nationa200l libraries. 1th ed., Geneva: International Organization for Standardization-ISO.
17
International Organization for Standardization (2014). ISO 11620: 2014 Information and documentation: Library performance indicators.
18
International Organization for Standardization (2019). ISO 21248: 2019 Information and documentation -Quality assessment for national libraries. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization-ISO.
19
Krarup, K. (2004). Balanced scorecard at the royal library, Copenhagen. Liber Quarterly, 14(1), 37-57.
20
Library and Archives Canada 2017-18 Departmental Results Report. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2019, from http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/aboutus/departmental-results-reports/2017-18-DRR/Documents/drr-2017-2018- eng.pdf
21
National Diet Library (NDL), Japon. (2018). Retrieved August 21, 2019, from: https://www.ndl.go.jp/jp/aboutus/evaluation/pdf/evaluation_frame_h30.pdf
22
National Library of Australia, 2017-18 CORPORATE PLAN: Covering reporting periods 2017-18 to 2020-21. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2021, from https://www.nla.gov.au/sites/default/files/nla_corporate_plan_2017- 18_final.pdf
23
National Library of France. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2021, from http://www.bnf.fr/documents/contrat_performance.pdf
24
National Library of Spain. (2018). Retrieved April 21, 2021, from http://www.bne.es/export/sites/BNWEB1/webdocs/LaBNE/Transparencia/Institucional/Informe_indicadores_2017.pdf
25
Nuut, A. (2002). Library Statistics and Standardisation: Performance Measurement and Possibilities for Applying New Methods on Performance Measurement and Benchmarking in Estonia, Statistics in practice Measuring and managing: proceedings of IFLA satellite conference, Loughborough, August 2002, (179-186). Loughborough (United Kingdom): Library and Information Statistics Unit, Loughborough University.
26
Office of Planning and Development NLAI (n.d.). Performance indicators of NLAI., Tehran. [In Persian]
27
[اداره کل برنامهریزی و توسعه (بیتا). شاخصهای عملکردی سازمان اسناد و کتابخانه ملی ایران. تهران.]
28
Poll, R. (2008). Quality Indicators for National Libraries: The New Standard. [Paper presented] World Library and Information Congress: 75th IFLA General Conference and Assembly. Québec, Canada.
29
Poll, R., & Boekhorst, P. (2007). Measuring Quality: Performance Measurement in Libraries (2nd ed.). Munich: K.G. Saur.
30
Poll, R. (2001). Performance, processes and costs: Managing service quality with the balanced scorecard. Library Trends. 49. 709-717.
31
Poll, R. & Jönsson-Adrial (2006). Performance Indicators for National Libraries A list of possible indicators, taken from the new draft of the standard ISO 11620 and from practical examples tested by national or regional libraries. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from https://archive.ifla.org/VII/s1/pub/s1-PerformanceIndicators2006.pdf
32
Swiss National Library. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2021, from https://www.nb.admin.ch/snl/en/home.html
33
Thi Ninh, Thoah Kim; Tanner, Kerry; Johanson, Graeme; Denison, Tom (2010). Systematic performance measurement for university library in Vietnam. Library management, 3 (8/9), 702-716.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Relevance in Social Science Networks: The Case of ResearchGate Science Network
Purpose: Scientific exchanges and easy access to the required information are necessary for the scientific growth and dynamism of society. Scientific social networks as platforms for scientific exchanges can play important role in the development of scientific communities. Today, with the expansion of the applications of information and communication technology in everyday life, we are witnessing the formation of a new generation of Internet tools that have provided countless possibilities for mutual relations, negotiation, dialogue and, in general, two-way communication. Scientific social networks are an environment for the introduction and promotion of scientific activities and in fact, the more relevant information they can provide, the more they will be welcomed by experts, and the gathering of more experts in these networks means more scientific dynamism. The purpose of this study is to describe the experience of information science professionals about the relevance of information in ResearchGate scientific network. Method: This research is a qualitative research with a conceptual phenomenological design. The reason for choosing this method is because experiences of people requires a deep description of a certain phenomenon to a specific group of people and also one of the suitable fields for conducting research. Interpretive paradigm of phenomenological method is research in the field of information retrieval, which is important in information science and epistemology. Participants in present study are 22 experts and faculty members (9 males and 13 females) in the field of information science and epistemology in Iranian universities who are members of the research social science network. Participants were selected using purposeful sampling. Data was collected from semi-structured interview method, then coded and analyzed using Dickelman method. Finding: The results of the interviews analysis led to the extraction 551 initial code and four categories: Relevance of the document, relevance of the successor to the document, the relevance of the requests and questions, and the lack of relevance feedback. Conclusion: The results emphasize showed that Researchgate network plays an important role in meeting information needs of users. The network is not an information system, a forum for meeting scientific needs and promoting science.
https://nastinfo.nlai.ir/article_2620_46ca4a5c0d110d18d74a0780141a46a2.pdf
2021-04-21
47
57
10.30484/nastinfo.2021.2793.2023
Information retrieval
relevance
Social network
social science network
ResearchGate
M
shirzad
mshirzad62@gmail.com
1
PhD Candidate in knowledge & Information Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran. Iran,
AUTHOR
A
mousavi chelak
mousaviaf@gmail.com
2
Associate professor, Department of knowledge & Information Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S
ziaei
soraya.ziaei@gmail.com
3
Associate professor, Department of knowledge & Information Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran. Iran
AUTHOR
F
soheili
fsohieli@gmail.com
4
Associate professor, Department of knowledge & Information Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran. Iran
AUTHOR
M
Salami
salamilib@yahoo.com
5
Assistant Professor, Department of knowledge & Information Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran. Iran
AUTHOR
Agichtein, E., Brill, E., & Dumais, S. (2006, August). Improving web search ranking by incorporating user behavior information. In Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (pp. 19-26). ACM
1
Amiri M, Entezari A, Mortaji N S.( 2016) Knowledge Sharing Behavior Model of Iranian Professionals in experts’ social networks: exploring indexes. Human Information Interaction., 3 (3), 66-81. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from http://hii.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2569-fa.html [In Persian]
2
]امیری، مقصود؛ انتظاری، علی؛ مرتجی، نجمهالسادات (1395) الگوی رفتار اشتراک دانش متخصصین ایرانی در شبکههای اجتماعی تخصصی: شناسایی شاخصها. تعامل انسان و اطلاعات، 3(3): 66-81[
3
Anbari, A., Hariri, N. (2015). The Role of Persian Professional Web-based Social Networks in Knowledge Sharing. National Studies on Librarianship and Information Organization, 26(3), 115-132. [In Persian]
4
]عنبری، امیرمهدی، حریری، نجلا. (1394). نقش شبکههای اجتماعی تخصصی وبی فارسی در اشتراک دانش، مطالعات ملی کتابداری و سازماندهی اطلاعات، 26(3) 115-132[
5
Bekkers, R., & Bodas Freitas, I. M. (2011, June). The performance of university-industry collaborations: empirical evidence from the Netherlands. In DRUID 2011 Summer Conference, held (pp. 7-15).
6
Berger, A., & Lafferty, J. (2017). Information retrieval as statistical translation. In ACM SIGIR Forum (Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 219-226). ACM.
7
Blicharska, M., Orlikowska, E. H., Roberge, J. M., & Grodzinska-Jurczak, M. (2016). Contribution of social science to large scale biodiversity conservation: A review of research about the Natura 2000 network. Biological Conservation, 199,.:pp 122-110.
8
Bouadjenek, M. R., Hacid, H., & Bouzeghoub, M. (2016). Social networks and information retrieval, how are they converging? A survey, a taxonomy and an analysis of social information retrieval approaches and platforms. Information Systems, 56: pp 1-18.
9
Citrome, L. (2015). My two favourite professional social networking sites: LinkedIn and ResearchGate–how they can help you, or hurt you. International journal of clinical practice, 69(6): pp 623-624.
10
Cohen. L., Manion, L., Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. 6th Ed. New York: Routledge. Hetherington, E. M. (2003). Social support and the adjustment of children in divorced and remarried families. Childhood, 10(2): pp 217-236.
11
Farhi, S. H., & Boughaci, D. (2018). Graph based model for information retrieval using a stochastic local search. Pattern Recognition Letters, 105(1): pp 234-239.
12
Fattahi R.(2004). Factors affecting the relative relevance of information retrieval systems. Informology, 2(1): 14-18. [In Persian]
13
]فتاحی، رحمتاالله. (1383). عوامل مؤثر بر نسبیبودن ربط در نظامهای بازیابی اطلاعات. اطـلاعشناسی، 2(1): 14 -18 [
14
Gerard, J. G. (2012). Linking in with LinkedIn®: Three exercises that enhance professional social networking and career building. Journal of Management Education, 36(6): pp 866-897.
15
Haftadi Z, Andayesh S. (2016). Investigating information retrieval and its relationship with social networks, the first international conference on interactive information retrieval, Kish, University of Tehran. URL: https://www.civilica.com/Paper-IIIRC01-IIIRC01_005.html [In Persian]
16
]هفتادی، زهرا و اندایش، سیفالله. (1395). بررسی بازیابی اطلاعات و ارتباط آن با شبکههای اجتماعی، اولین کنفرانس بینالمللی بازیابی تعاملی اطلاعات، کیش، دانشگاه تهران[
17
Hassanzadeh, M., ghaffa, S., Zarei, A., kamandi, H. (2014). Functionality of URL and Title in Optimization of Information Retrieval. Library and Information Science Research, 4(1), 221-240. doi: 10.22067/riis.v4i1.19408. https://infosci.um.ac.ir/article_29066.html?lang=en [In Persian]
18
]حسنزاده، محمد؛ سعید غفاری؛ عاطفه زارعی و حسین کمندی. (1393). کارکرد عنوان و نشانی اینترنتی در بهبود ربط نتایج بازیابی اطلاعات، پژوهشهای نظری و کاربردی در علم اطلاعات و دانششناسی، 4 (1)،100-128[
19
Javadi Moghadam S M, Abdolrazaqnejad M, Ghaderi Freeze, M. (2017). Improving information retrieval based on semantic similarity of keywords using graph-based ranking, 4th National Conference on Information Technology, Computer and Telecommunications, Mashhad, Torbat Heydariyeh University. URL: https://www.civilica.com/Paper-ITCT04-ITCT04_149.html [In Persian]
20
]جوادی مقدم، سیدمحمد؛ مجید عبدالرزاقنژاد و مهناز قادری فریز (1396). بهبود بازیابی اطلاعات بر اساس تشابه معنایی کلمات کلیدی با استفاده از رتبهدهی مبتنی بر گراف، چهارمین کنفرانس ملی فناوری اطلاعات، کامپیوتر و مخابرات، مشهد، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه[
21
Khaloei M. (2008). Relevance and its meaning in information retrieval. Iranian Journal of Information processing and Management., 23 (3):105-118. [In Persian]
22
]خالوئی، مرضیه. (1387). ربط و مفهوم آن در بازیابی اطلاعات. پژوهشنامه پردازش و مدیریت اطلاعات. 23(3): 105-118[
23
Kiani M. (2012). Information Retrieval Systems Evaluation Approaches: Background and Leading Perspective. Library and Information Sciences . 15(2): 243-258. [In Persian]
24
]کیانی، محمدرضا. (1391). رویکردهای ارزیابی نظامهای بازیابی اطلاعات: پسزمینه و چشمانداز پیشرو. کتابداری و اطلاعرسانی. 15(2): 243-258[
25
Murray, M. (2014). Analysis of a scholarly social networking site: The case of the dormant user. SAIS 2014 Proceedings.
26
Okhovati M.(2003) The concept of relevance in information retrieval systems: A review of existing theories and literature. Informology,2(1):24-45. [In Persian]
27
]اخوتی، مریم (1382) مفهوم ربط در نظامهای بازیابی اطلاعات: مروری بر نظریهها و ادبیات موجود. اطلاعشناسی، 2(1): 24-45[
28
Oseledchik, M., Ivleva, M., & Ivlev, V. (2018). Using social networks in knowledge management system. In 2nd International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2018). Atlantis Press.
29
Razavi S, Welfare Komsari A, Asnafi A M, (2017), The role of scientific social networks in the exchange of research information and academic education, the third international conference on web research. [In Persian]
30
]رضوی، سحر، رفاهی کمساری، عباس، اصنافی، امیررضا. (1396). نقش شبکههای اجتماعی علمیدر تبادل اطلاعات پژوهشی و آموزش دانشگاهی، سومین کنفرانس بینالمللی وب پژوهی[
31
Rigi, T., Dayyani, M., Fattahi, R. (2019). Phenomenography: a Qualitative Methodology at Information Retrieval Area Studies. National Studies on Librarianship and Information Organization, 30(2), 18-38. 10.30484/NASTINFO.2019.2329 [In Persian]
32
]ریگی، طاهره، دیانی، محمدحسین، فتاحی، رحمتالله. (1398). پدیدارنگاری: روش پژوهش کیفی در مطالعات قلمرو بازیابی اطلاعات، فصلنامه مطالعات ملی کتابداری و سازماندهی اطلاعات، 30 (2)، 18-38[
33
Saraswick, T. (2010). Relevance in the science of information. (Haidar Mokhtari, Abbas, Mirzaei, Trans) Tehran: Nashr-e Chapar. [In Persian]
34
]ساراسویک، تفکو. (1389). ربط در علم اطلاعرسانی ( ترجمه حیدر مختاری، عباس، میرزایی). تهران: چاپار[
35
Saraswick, T. (2017). The concept of relevance in information science. (Behrouz Yale and Amirreza Asnafi, Trans). Tehran: Nashr-e Sepehr Danesh. [In Persian]
36
]ساراسویک، تفکو. (1396). مفهوم ربط در علم اطلاعات(ترجمه بهروز یل و امیررضا اصنافی). تهران: سپهر دانش[
37
Singson, M., & Amees, M. (2017). Use of ResearchGate by the Research Scholars of Pondicherry University: A Study. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 37(5).
38
Taktar M, Sadeghi A. (2016). Investigating the Challenges, Problems and Benefits of Virtual Social Networks in Iran, 4th National Conference on Counseling and Mental Health, Quchan, Islamic Azad University, Quchan Unit. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from https://www.civilica.com/Paper-MHWIAUQ04-MHWIAUQ04_124.html. [In Persian]
39
]تکتار، مهین و احمد صادقی. (1395). بررسی چالشها، مشکلات و مزایای شبکههای اجتماعی مجازی در ایران، چهارمین همایش ملی مشاوره و سلامت روان، قوچان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامیواحد قوچان[
40
Tarami M H. (2008). Cyberspace; Injuries and hazards. Rahavard Navard, 22.
41
]طارمی، محمدحسین (1387). فضای سایبر؛ آسیبها و مخاطرات. رهآورد نور. شماره 22[.
42
Van Dijck, J. (2013). ‘You have one identity’: performing the self on Facebook and LinkedIn. Media, culture & society, 35(2): pp 199-215.
43
Ward, J., Bejarano, W., & Dudás, A. (2015). Scholarly social media profiles and libraries: A review. Liber Quarterly. 24(4): pp 174-204.
44
Xu, Y. C. & Z. Chen (2006). Relevance judgment: What do information users consider beyond topicality. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology.57(7): pp 961-973.
45
Yan, W., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Research universities on the ResearchGate social networking site: An examination of institutional differences, research activity level, and social networks formed. Journal of Informetrics, 12(1): pp 385-400.
46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Does IranMARC Support Encoded Archival Description (EAD)?
Purpose: The first objective of our study was to determine whether Encoded Archival EAD is compatible with IranMARC (local version of UNIMARC for Iran). The second objective was to explore EAD elements with high priority. The latter is highly important to the work of Archivists at the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) for converting archival records to EAD. Method: The research steps were as follows: 1) Development of a map to match EAD with both UNIMARC and IranMARC; 2) Quantifying EAD; 3) Weighting EAD elements; 4) Determining structural compatibility EAD with UNIMARC and IranMARC and identification of EAD elements with high priorities to value corresponding fields in UNIMARC and IranMARC. Findings: The developed map of EAD-UNIMARC-IranMARC showed that 77 EAD elements out of 107 have corresponding fields in UNIMARC and 72 in IranMARC. Structural compatibility rate of UNIMARC and EAD was 73% and 68.7% with IranMARC. Also, 75 EAD elements out of 107 were found to be of high priority. Conclusion: This research primarily contributes to the improvement of information organization in Iran and to the development of a map of EAD-UNIMARC-IranMARC. This map not only will serve as a tool for measuring structural compatibility EAD with UNIMARC and IranMARC, but is valuable by itself. In this map we have used the fields of block 4 to establish connections among archives records. Currently, archivists of NLAI suffice to create most of the records at a file level. Our findings can be used to prepare a manual. In addition to structural compatibility of IranMARC with EAD, the method of arrangement and description may affect the readiness of conversion of archival records to EAD. High rate of compatibility EAD to UNIMARC (73%) may be promising for countries who have used UNIMARC to retrieve their archival materials and intent to implement EAD to move toward linked data and connection to semantic web. The lack of 30 EAD corresponding elements in UNIMARC is an issue. We will communicate with IranMARC Committee and ask them to prepare and forward proposals for this purpose, to the Permanent UNIMARC Committee (PUC). By identification of EAD elements with high priority, NLAI may generate enhanced records to convert to EAD by preparing a manual for required and high priority EAD elements. The reason for the difference in structural compatibility of UNIMARC and IranMARC with EAD is the failure of National Library of Iran Software (called RASA) to update IranMARC. Fields of 371, 631, 632 should be added to RASA immediately. Our findings may be useful to countries who use UNIMARC. The method of quantifying EAD may be applicable to other models and standards. Also, we found that some EAD elements have several fields in UNIMARC and IranMARC. Further research can be carried out to explore the value of each field. This helps archival centers to make decisions about the priority of fields when one element has several corresponding fields. We suggest that the content of NLAI database for archival records be reviewed based on the map we developed. This would be helpful in identifying possible required fields as well as fields with high priority once conversion to EAD is to be done.
https://nastinfo.nlai.ir/article_2623_ff0be61cc6f0f06c6f624af846750490.pdf
2021-04-21
58
75
10.30484/nastinfo.2021.2588.2029
Encoded Archival Description (EAD)
Unimarc
IranMARC
National Library and Archives of Iran
structural compatibility
mapping
Linked Data
S.
Akbari Daryan
sakbaridaryan@gmail.com
1
Assistant professor, National Library and Archives of Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Samiei
samiei.mitra66@gmail.com
2
Assisitant professor of knowledge and information science department of Allameh Tabataba’i University ,Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Ghorbanian
maliheghorbanian@yahoo.com
3
M.A, Knowledge and information sciences, Faculty of Psyvhology and Education sciences, Allameh Tabataba”i University
AUTHOR
Bazargan, Abas (February 2021). Workshop of research methods (quantitative and qualitative). Tehran. National Library and Archives of Iran. [In Persian]
1
] بازرگان، عباس (بهمن 1399). کارگاه آموزشی روشهای تحقیق (کمی و کیفی). تهران: سازمان اسناد و کتابخانه ملی ایران[.
2
Carini, P., & Shepherd, K. (2004). The MARC standard and encoded archival description. Library hi tech. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07378830410524468
3
Czechowski, L., & Friedman-Shedlov, L. (2008). Tales from the Shoulders of Giants: Collaborative Implementation of Encoded Archival Description at the University of Minnesota Libraries. Journal of Archival Organization, 5(3),9-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332740802174159
4
Library of Congress (2006). Marc21 to EAD. https://www.loc.gov/ead/tglib/appendix_a.html
5
Ou, C., Rankin, K. L., & Shein, C. (2017). Repurposing ArchivesSpace Metadata for original MARC cataloging. Journal of Library Metadata, 17(1), 19-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386389.2017.1285143
6
Pars Azarakhsh Company (2006). Integrated software of National Library of Iran (RASA) [Computer Software]. Tehran: National Library of Iran. [In Persian]
7
]شرکت پارسآذرخش (1398). نرمافزار جامع کتابخانه ملی ایران (رسا) تهران: کتابخانه ملی ایران[.
8
Permanent UNIMARC Committee (2019). UNIMARC Manual: Bibliographic Format, [Unpublished manuscript]
9
Society of American Archivists. Technical Subcommittee for Encoded Archival Description (2019). Encoded Archival Description Tag Library Version EAD3 1.1.1 , Edition 2019, Retrieved, February 18, 2019, from https://www.loc.gov/ead/EAD3taglib/tl_ead3.pdf
10
Tillman, R. K. (2016). Opportunities for Encoding EAD for Linked Data Extraction and Publication. Journal of Archival Organization, 13(1–2), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332748.2017.1400725
11
Zhlobinskaya, O. (2020). Archival description using UNIMARC: Presidential Library experience. Organizacija Znanja, 25(1/2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3359/oz2025001
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Categories, Components, and Items of Platform Thinking for Development and Effectiveness of Public Library Services
Purpose: Social institutions, including public libraries, in connection with their duties and response to the growing changes in society, always aim to provide a platform for sharing experiences and social knowledge. This research seeks to identify important categories and components and items in platform thinking for the effectiveness of public library services from the perspective of experts so that it can be used as a model for implementing platform thinking effectively in public libraries. Method: Delphi and panel formation method were employed. Panel participants were 15 LIS experts and public library professionals. A questionnaire based on the review of the literature was designed and validited. Feedbacks from two rounds of the Delphi inqury resulted in developing categories, components, and items required for platform thinking for the development of Hosseinieh Ershad Public Library services were identified. Findings: The results showed that from the experts' point of view, what categories, components and items are important in shaping public library services based on the platform thinking model. A good increase in averages, so that only one component is below ninety percent and the other is above ninety percent, is an important point. Such a high percentage of agreement indicates the good attitude of experts towards each component and their suitability for inclusion in the research and the final questionnaire. The scores of the second round showed that the experts agreed with the changes. The results showed that the components of the model were closer to their views and the division of this round caused the experts to look at these components more positively and in their views were closer to each other than the first round. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, all categories, components and items required for role-playing as a platform, with an average score of 875%, which is very close, were approved by experts. After analyzing the data in two Delphi rounds, the main topics were categorized and in its sub-category, the components were divided and the examples of the initial questionnaire were separated and a number of items were compiled under each component and the possibility of using categories and components in drawing thinking model. A platform was created. Finally, 6 categories, 17 components and 89 items of platform thinking model for the development and effectiveness of public library services were identified, which can be evidence of greater validity for drawing the model and its greater equality with the views of experts, and can be used as a basis for designing platform thinking model.
https://nastinfo.nlai.ir/article_2622_cc76ef530ba343ea6210264e020c93d0.pdf
2021-04-21
76
96
10.30484/nastinfo.2021.2810.2026
Platform Thinking
Public services
Platform Library
public library
Components
Categorie
M.
Khorasanchi
mkhorasanchi@gmail.com
1
PHD Student of Information and Knowledge Studies, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
R.
Fattahi
fattahirahmat@gmail.com
2
Professor, Department of Information and Knowledge Studies, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Babolhavaeji
f.babalhavaeji@gmail.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of communication and knowledge sciences, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,
AUTHOR
N.
Hariri
nadjlahariri@gmail.com
4
Professor, Department of communication and knowledge sciences, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,
AUTHOR
F.
Nooshinfard
f.nooshinfard@gmail.com
5
Associate Professor, Department of communication and knowledge sciences, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,
AUTHOR
Andrews, C. and et al. (2016). From “Library as Place” to “Library as Platform”: Redesigning the 21st Century Academic Library. The Future of Library Space. 36. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from
1
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/S0732-067120160000036006/full/html
2
Alidoosti, S. (2005). The model of the key factors affecting the application of Information Technology (IT) in Iranian governmental organizations (Case study: Fars province). Unpublished Management - Systems Orientation doctoral dissertation. University of Tehran, Faculty of Management and Administrative Sciences, Tehran. [In Persian]
3
[علیدوستی، سیروس(1384). طراحی و تبیین مدل عوامل کلیدی مؤثر بر کاربرد فنآوری اطلاعات در ادارههای کل سازمانهای
4
دولتی استانهای صنعتی ایران( مطالعه موردی: استان فارس). پایاننامه دکتری مدیریت – گرایش سیستمها. دانشکده مدیریت و
5
علوم اداری دانشگاه تهران. 72 -86.]
6
Breeding, M. (2015). Library Services Platforms : A Mature Genre Products. Library Technology Reports. (51)6, pp. 5-19.
7
Breeding, M. (2016). Smarter libraries through technology: five years of library services platforms. Smart Libraries, 8(36), pp. 5-19. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from
8
https://librarytechnology.org/document/22248.
9
Edidiong, A. A., Oji, H., E., Tom, E., & Emem, S, (2014). Libraries as Platforms for Innovation and Creativity in Information Delivery Services in a Depressed Economy: An Overview of Nigeria. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. 5(2), pp. 125-131.
10
Evans, T. (2008). Meta-Library : A Public Platform for Information Exchange. The degree of Master of Architecture. Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Unpublished.
11
Frumkin, J. (2006). The potential of the digital library as a platform. OCLC Systems & Services: International digital library perspectives, 22(2), pp. 97 – 99. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from
12
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650750610663969.
13
Grant, Carl. (2012). The future of library systems : Library services platform. ISQ (Information Standard Quarterly), 24 (4), pp. 4-15. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from
14
http://dx.doi.org/10.3789/isqv24n4.2012.02.
15
Khorasanchi, M., Babolhavaeji, F., Fattahi, R., Hariri, N., Nooshinfard, F. (2020). The impact of industrial revolutions on the evolution of public libraries: Platform library realization in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Library and Information Sciences, (Forthcoming),
16
doi: 10.30481/lis.2020.218023.1676 [In Persian]
17
[خراسانچی، مهرناز، بابالحوائجی، فهیمه، فتاحی، رحمتالله، حریری، نجلا، نوشینفرد، فاطمه (1398). تاثیر انقلابهای صنعتی
18
بر سیر تحول کتابخانههای عمومی: تحقق کتابخانه پلتفرمی در انقلاب صنعتی چهارم. فصلنامه کتابداری و اطلاعرسانی
19
(زودآیند). http://lis.aqr-libjournal.ir/article_104150.html]
20
Khorasanchi, M. (2020). Developing a Model-based on Platform Thinking for giving more effective library services (Action Research for Public Services in Hosseinieh Ershad Public Library). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. [In Persian]
21
[خراسانچی، مهرناز (1399). ارائه مدلی مبتنی بر تفکر پلتفرمی برای توسعه و اثربخش کردن خدمات کتابخانهای(اقدامپژوهی در
22
خدمات عمومی کتابخانه عمومی حسینیه ارشاد). پایاننامه دکتری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران.]
23
Longlong, w. & Xiaoju, Y. (2013). A Research on the Services of University Mobile Library Based on the Wechat Public Platform. Research on Library Science, 18. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-TSSS201318013.htm
24
Noh, Y. (2015) Imagining Library 4.0: Creating a Model for Future Libraries. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 12. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0099133315001780
25
Pors, N.O. (2010). Burning platforms and melting icebergs: An exploratory analysis of present strategic challenges and cross pressures in the public libraries. Performance Measurement and Metrics, 11(1). pp. 9 – 24. https://doi.org/10.1108/14678041011026838
26
Pradhan, P. (2019). Library Services Platform (LSP): An Overview. INFLIBNET Newsletter.26(1). Retrieved April 21, 2021, from https://www.inflibnet.ac.in/publication/newsletter/jan_mar_2019/jan_march_2019.pdf
27
Waqar, Ahmed , (2015). Third Generation of the Web: Libraries, Librarians and Web 3.0. Library. Hi Tech News, 32(4). Retrieved April 21, 2021, from
28
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-11-2014-0100
29
Weinberger, D. (2012). Library as platform. Library Journal. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from
30
https://www.libraryjournal.com/?detailStory=by-david-weinberger
31